8 mars

Steden in het Globale Zuiden zijn bijzonder kwetsbaar voor extreme hitte omdat ze gemiddeld minder groen hebben, stelt internationaal onderzoek in het vakblad Nature. Parken, bossen en ander groen kunnen de temperatuur in de stad met 3 graden verlagen.

High-level policy discussions have built momentum for “food system transformation” that would help farmers address the climate crisis.

Un des plus importants climatologues européens, Johan Rockström, a confirmé que le réchauffement s’accélère et que ses effets sont plus graves que prévu. Nous pourrions atteindre les 2°C dans 20 ans.

Ter gelegenheid van de Global Climate Strike roepen Youth for Climate, Rise for Climate, Grootouders voor het Klimaat politieke leiders op om sociaal-rechtvaardige klimaatmaatregelen te nemen. De wereldwijde klimaatstakingen, in 2019 gelanceerd door Fridays For Future op initiatief van Greta Thunberg, brengen jongeren, burgers en organisaties van over de hele wereld samen om zich te verzetten tegen de vernietiging van het klimaat en ecosystemen.

Plafonner les émissions, avec un prix mondial du carbone finançant un revenu de base mondial

An extensive new multi-proxy database of paleo-temperature time series (Temperature 12k) enables a more robust analysis of global mean surface temperature (GMST) and associated uncertainties than was previously available. We applied five different statistical methods to reconstruct the GMST of the past 12,000 years (Holocene). Each method used different approaches to averaging the globally distributed time series and to characterizing various sources of uncertainty, including proxy temperature, chronology and methodological choices. The results were aggregated to generate a multi-method ensemble of plausible GMST and latitudinal-zone temperature reconstructions with a realistic range of uncertainties. The warmest 200-year-long interval took place around 6500 years ago when GMST was 0.7 °C (0.3, 1.8) warmer than the 19th Century (median, 5th, 95th percentiles). Following the Holocene global thermal maximum, GMST cooled at an average rate −0.08 °C per 1000 years (−0.24, −0.05). The multi-method ensembles and th

UN says a global ‘backlash’ against climate action is being stoked by fossil fuel companies

Cette semaine j’ai eu peur. Le Monde a publié la nouvelle que les puits de carbone terrestres se sont effondrés en 2023. Au cours des mois passés, des calculs précis ont été effectués sur les mesures satellitaires de l’année passée. Il s’avère que les forêts et les sols ont absorbé environ deux (1,5 – 2.6) milliards de tonnes de CO2, alors que l’année précédente ils avaient capté plus de 9 milliards. La sécheresse en Amazonie, et les feux au Canada et en Sibérie ont provoqué une émission de carbone de ces écosystèmes (FranceInfo).

En 2023 les températures de la Planète, et notamment de l’Atlantique Nord, ont fait un bond. Le réchauffement a accéléré. Les scientifiques étaient très inquiets, puis ont trouvé une explication.

Les épisodes de contamination de la Seine aux bactéries fécales montrent les limites du tout-à-l’égout, loin d’être une panacée sanitaire. Des solutions pour mieux confiner les pathogènes existent.

Notre système alimentaire utilise près de la moitié des terres de la Planète. Il provoque des émissions de carbone et aggrave le réchauffement climatique. Il entraîne donc la perte de biodiversité par la réduction de l’espace laissé aux écosystèmes et par le changement climatique. Une nouvelle étude a tenté de quantifier ces effets. Les dommages à la biodiversité ont été estimés en prenant en compte la richesse des écosystèmes et la rareté de espèces, par exemple leur présence dans une zone restreinte. Les dommages aux écosystèmes riches et uniques, notamment en Amérique centrale et du Sud apparaissent donc mieux dans cette analyse.

Sudden cut in pollution in 2020 meant less shade from sun and was ‘substantial’ factor in record surface temperatures in 2023, study finds

Monthly global surface air temperature anomalies (°C) relative to 1850–1900 from January 1940 to June 2024, plotted as time series for all 12-month periods spanning July to June of the following year. The 12 months from July 2023 to June 2024 are shown with a thick red line, while all other 12-month periods are shown with thin lines shaded according to the decade, from blue (1940s) to brick red (2020s).

New research shows the company’s scientists were as “skillful” as independent experts in predicting how the burning of fossil fuels would warm the planet and bring about climate change.

Carbon Brief provides an updated analysis of when the world will likely exceed the Paris 1.5C limit

Abstract. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments are the trusted source of scientific evidence for climate negotiations taking place under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Evidence-based decision-making needs to be informed by up-to-date and timely information on key indicators of the state of the climate system and of the human influence on the global climate system. However, successive IPCC reports are published at intervals of 5–10 years, creating potential for an information gap between report cycles. We follow methods as close as possible to those used in the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) Working Group One (WGI) report. We compile monitoring datasets to produce estimates for key climate indicators related to forcing of the climate system: emissions of greenhouse gases and short-lived climate forcers, greenhouse gas concentrations, radiative forcing, the Earth's energy imbalance, surface temperature changes, warming attributed to human activit

Le secrétaire-général de l’ONU appelle à une action immédiate pour le climat. Selon lui, la décennie actuelle est décisive. Le GIEC a publié leurs calculs détaillés concernant l’année 2023. Cette s…

Natural ecosystems store large amounts of carbon globally, as organisms absorb carbon from the atmosphere to build large, long-lasting, or slow-decaying structures such as tree bark or root systems. An ecosystem’s carbon sequestration potential is tightly linked to its biological diversity. Yet when considering future projections, many carbon sequestration models fail to account for the role biodiversity plays in carbon storage. Here, we assess the consequences of plant biodiversity loss for carbon storage under multiple climate and land-use change scenarios. We link a macroecological model projecting changes in vascular plant richness under different scenarios with empirical data on relationships between biodiversity and biomass. We find that biodiversity declines from climate and land use change could lead to a global loss of between 7.44-103.14 PgC (global sustainability scenario) and 10.87-145.95 PgC (fossil-fueled development scenario). This indicates a self-reinforcing feedback loop, where higher levels

Annually updated, IPCC AR6 consistent indicators of human-induced global warming, greenhouse gas emissions, and the remaining global carbon budget.

As the public conversation on climate change evolves, so too does the sophistication and range of arguments used to downplay or discount the need for action (McKie, Reference McKie2019; Norgaard, Reference Norgaard2011). A mainstay of this counter-movement has been outright denial of the reality or human causation of climate change (Farrell et al., Reference Farrell, McConnell and Brulle2019), supplemented by climate-impact scepticism (Harvey et al., Reference Harvey, Van Den Berg, Ellers, Kampen, Crowther, Roessingh and Mann2018) and ad hominem attacks on scientists and the scientific consensus (Oreskes & Conway, Reference Oreskes and Conway2011). A fourth strategy has received relatively little attention to date: policy-focused discourses that exploit contemporary discussions on what action should be taken, how fast, who bears responsibility and where costs and benefits should be allocated (Bohr, Reference Bohr2016; Jacques & Knox, Reference Jacques and Knox2016; McKie, Reference McKie2019). We call these ‘

Global temperature (12-month mean) is still rising at 1.56°C relative to 1880-1920 in the GISS analysis through April (Fig. 1). [Robert Rohde reports that it is 1.65°C relative to 1850-1900 in the BerkeleyEarth analysis.[3]] Global temperature is likely to continue to rise a bit for at least a month, peak this summer, and then decline as the El Nino fades toward La Nina. Acceleration of global warming is now hard to deny. The GISS 12-month temperature is now 0.36°C above the 0.18°C/decade trend line, which is 3.6 times the standard deviation (0.1°C). Confidence in global warming acceleration thus exceeds 99%, but we need to see how far temperature falls with the next La Nina before evaluating the post-2010 global warming rate.

L’effondrement des écosystèmes serait dangereux pour l’économie. Il peut se répercuter au niveau global. La forêt amazonienne, les tourbières tropicales et les mangroves contiennent actuellement environ 220 gigatonnes de carbone. Si elles sont perturbées, elles peuvent subir des changements incontrôlables qui feraient basculer l’écosystème vers une savane non boisée. Leur effondrement provoquerait des émissions de carbone équivalentes à environ 20 ans d’émissions mondiales de CO2 actuelles. Cela pourrait empêcher le maintien d’un climatique de moins d’ 1,5°C, et aurait de nombreuses conséquences directes.

Global Report on Food Crises (GRFC) 2024

Exclusive: Planet is headed for at least 2.5C of heating with disastrous results for humanity, poll of hundreds of scientists finds

The Global Tipping Points Report was launched at COP28 on 6 December 2023. The report is an authoritative assessment of the risks and opportunities of both negative and positive tipping points in the Earth system and society. Global Tipping Points is led by Professor Tim Lenton from the University of Exeter’s Global Systems Institute with the support of more than 200 researchers from over 90 organisations in 26 countries.

Mitigating climate change necessitates global cooperation, yet global data on individuals’ willingness to act remain scarce. In this study, we conducted a representative survey across 125 countries, interviewing nearly 130,000 individuals. Our findings reveal widespread support for climate action. Notably, 69% of the global population expresses a willingness to contribute 1% of their personal income, 86% endorse pro-climate social norms and 89% demand intensified political action. Countries facing heightened vulnerability to climate change show a particularly high willingness to contribute. Despite these encouraging statistics, we document that the world is in a state of pluralistic ignorance, wherein individuals around the globe systematically underestimate the willingness of their fellow citizens to act. This perception gap, combined with individuals showing conditionally cooperative behaviour, poses challenges to further climate action. Therefore, raising awareness about the broad global support for climat

L’analyse de 186 études d’évaluation de différentes mesures de conservation de part le monde prouve l’efficacité globale de ces dispositifs. Mais il faut en faire plus pour éradiquer la chute du vivant en cours.

Over the past 50 years, humans have extracted the Earth’s groundwater stocks at a steep rate, largely to fuel global agro-economic development. Given society’s growing reliance on groundwater, we explore ‘peak water limits’ to investigate whether, when and where humanity might reach peak groundwater extraction. Using an integrated global model of the coupled human–Earth system, we simulate groundwater withdrawals across 235 water basins under 900 future scenarios of global change over the twenty-first century. Here we find that global non-renewable groundwater withdrawals exhibit a distinct peak-and-decline signature, comparable to historical observations of other depletable resources (for example, minerals), in nearly all (98%) scenarios, peaking on average at 625 km3 yr−1 around mid-century, followed by a decline through 2100. The peak and decline occur in about one-third (82) of basins, including 21 that may have already peaked, exposing about half (44%) of the global population to groundwater stress. Most

L’hiver passé, des nuages stratosphériques couleur de l’arc-en-ciel ont été observés en Europe. Ils apparaissent habituellement dans les régions les plus froides de la Planète en janvier. En déce…

Global projections of macroeconomic climate-change damages typically consider impacts from average annual and national temperatures over long time horizons1–6. Here we use recent empirical findings from more than 1,600 regions worldwide over the past 40 years to project sub-national damages from temperature and precipitation, including daily variability and extremes7,8. Using an empirical approach that provides a robust lower bound on the persistence of impacts on economic growth, we find that the world economy is committed to an income reduction of 19% within the next 26 years independent of future emission choices (relative to a baseline without climate impacts, likely range of 11–29% accounting for physical climate and empirical uncertainty). These damages already outweigh the mitigation costs required to limit global warming to 2 °C by sixfold over this near-term time frame and thereafter diverge strongly dependent on emission choices. Committed damages arise predominantly through changes in average tempe