Voir aussi Focus Collaps
voir sur collapsologie.fr la documentation scientifique
La collapsologie est un courant de pensée transdisciplinaire apparu dans les années 2010 qui envisage les risques d’un effondrement de la civilisation industrielle et ses conséquences.
En France, l’étude d’un possible effondrement de la civilisation « thermo-industrielle » est initiée par l’Institut Momentum co-fondé par Yves Cochet et Agnès Sinaï. Ces derniers définissent l’effondrement comme « le processus irréversible à l’issue duquel les besoins de base (eau, alimentation, logement, habillement, énergie, etc.) ne sont plus fournis (à un coût raisonnable) à une majorité de la population par des services encadrés par la loi».
La collapsologie a été portée vers le grand public par Pablo Servigne et Raphaël Stevens dans leur essai, Comment tout peut s’effondrer. Petit manuel de collapsologie à l’usage des générations présentes publié en 2015.
Voici une sélection d’articles sur cette thématique:
2024
An international team of scientists has warned against relying on nature providing straightforward 'early warning' indicators of a climate disaster, as new mathematical modeling shows new fascinating aspects of the complexity of the dynamics of climate. It suggests that the climate system could be more unpredictable than previously thought.
Collapse in system of currents that helps regulate global climate would be at such speed that adaptation would be impossible
Scientists now have a better understanding of the risks ahead and a new early warning signal to watch for.
RealClimate: A new paper was published in Science Advances today. Its title says what it is about: "Physics-based early warning signal shows that AMOC is on tipping course." The study follows one by Danish colleagues which made headlines last July, likewise looking for early warning signals for approaching an AMOC tipping point (we discussed it here),
2023
Cruciale kantelpunten in het klimaatsysteem van de aarde komen in sneltempo dichterbij. Dat blijkt uit het grootste onderzoek ooit naar “tipping points”. Meer dan tweehonderd wetenschappers werkten mee aan een tekst met waarschuwingen en aanbevelingen, die is gepresenteerd op de klimaattop in Dubai (COP28).
Humanity faces ‘devastating domino effects’ including mass displacement and financial ruin as planet warms
Take part in the new scientific discussion about looming abrupt changes in the Earth system. This new webinar series invites scientists interested in tipping elements and the broader public to attend.
Extreme milieufenomenen zoals bosbranden en droogtes zetten ecosystemen zodanig onder druk dat ze steeds moeilijker terug evenwicht vinden. Dat leidt dan tot een zogeheten tipping point voor ecologisch verval. En die kantelpunten komen steeds sneller, zegt een nieuwe studie in Nature.
Amazon rainforest and other ecosystems could collapse ‘very soon’, researchers warn
By replacing thousands of equations with just one, ecology modelers can more accurately assess how close fragile environments are to a disastrous “tipping point.”
Vast releases of gas, along with future ‘methane bombs’, represent huge threat – but curbing emissions would rapidly reduce global heating
The Global Tipping Points Report was launched at COP28 on 6 December 2023. The report is an authoritative assessment of the risks and opportunities of both negative and positive tipping points in the Earth system and society. Global Tipping Points is led by Professor Tim Lenton from the University of Exeter’s Global Systems Institute with the support of more than 200 researchers from over 90 organisations in 26 countries.
Three “super-tipping points” for climate action could trigger a cascade of decarbonisation across the global economy, according to a report. Relatively small policy interventions on electric cars, plant-based alternatives to meat and green fertilisers would lead to unstoppable growth in those sectors, the experts said. But the boost this would give to battery and hydrogen production would mean crucial knock-on benefits for other sectors including energy storage and aviation.
2022
Le rythme actuel de réchauffement pourrait déclencher plusieurs « points de bascule » planétaires : des changements abrupts et irréversibles du système climatique. Les chercheurs Aurélien Boutaud et Natacha Gondran nous expliquent pourquoi.
A recent paper suggested damaging climate tipping points could be closer than first thought.
Governments and businesses failing to change fast enough, says United in Science report, as weather gets increasingly extreme. Despite intensifying warnings in recent years, governments and businesses have not been changing fast enough, according to the United in Science report published on Tuesday. The consequences are already being seen in increasingly extreme weather around the world, and we are in danger of provoking “tipping points” in the climate system that will mean more rapid and in some cases irreversible shifts.
Giant ice sheets, ocean currents and permafrost regions may already have passed point of irreversible change
As Nobel laureate Solow said to Congress when criticizingeconomicmodelsforfailingtoanticipatethe“GreatReces-sion,” “Every proposition has to pass a smell test: Does itreally make sense?” (2). The methods and conclusions inDietzetal.(1)donotmakesense. ...
Anthropogenic activities are increasingly affecting ecosystems across the globe. Meanwhile, empirical and theoretical evidence suggest that natural systems can exhibit abrupt collapses in response to incremental increases in the stressors, sometimes with dramatic ecological and economic consequences. These catastrophic shifts are faster and larger than expected from the changes in the stressors and happen once a tipping point is crossed.
Climate tipping points in the Antarctica, the Arctic and the Amazon are at risk of being reached before or at the current level of global warming of 1.2 degrees Celsius, requiring a “major rethink” of global climate goals and the action necessary to achieve them, according to a recent report.
More than three-quarters of the world's largest rainforest has become less resilient to drought since the early 2000s, with areas near humans and with lower rainfall being the worst hit
2021
Emerging ice-sheet modeling suggests once initiated, retreat of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) can continue for centuries. Unfortunately, the short observational record cannot resolve the tipping points, rate of change, and timescale of responses. Iceberg-rafted debris data from Iceberg Alley identify eight retreat phases after the Last Glacial Maximum that each destabilized the AIS within a decade, contributing to global sea-level rise for centuries to a millennium, which subsequently re-stabilized equally rapidly.
Five times in the last 500m years, more than three-fourths of marine animal species perished in mass extinctions. Each of these events is associated with a major disruption of Earth’s carbon cycle. How such catastrophes occur remains mysterious. But recent research increasingly points to the possibility that the Earth system – that is, life and the environment – may experience a cascade of disruptions when stressed beyond a tipping point.
If there’s one thing we know about climate breakdown, it’s that it will not be linear, smooth or gradual. Just as one continental plate might push beneath another in sudden fits and starts, causing periodic earthquakes and tsunamis, our atmospheric systems will absorb the stress for a while, then suddenly shift. Yet, everywhere, the programmes designed to avert it are linear, smooth and gradual.
Scientists have uncovered a fascinating new insight into what caused one of the most rapid and dramatic instances of climate change in the history of the Earth.
Depuis 30 ans, la compréhension du climat terrestre dans sa globalité s’est donc terriblement améliorée, permettant le développement de nouveaux concepts. L’un d’entre eux suscite beaucoup d’intérêt auprès de la communauté scientifique : c’est celui des points de basculement (tipping point).
Clarity on Climate Tipping Points and Feedbacks
On les appelle les "tipping points" ; les points de rupture. A partir d'eux, le climat change de manière radicale et irréversible. Des événements considérés comme des points de rupture sont la fonte des glace rapide au Groenland, qui fait monter le niveau des eaux, le fait que la forêt amazonienne rejette plus de CO2 qu'elle n'en absorbe, et les canicules en Sibérie qui ont fait fondre le sol gelé (pergélisol), ce qui a fait relâcher d'énormes quantités de méthane dans l'air. Un effondrement du Gulf Stream serait également un point de rupture absolument catastrophique.
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), a major ocean current system transporting warm surface waters toward the northern Atlantic, has been suggested to exhibit two distinct modes of operation. A collapse from the currently attained strong to the weak mode would have severe impacts on the global climate system and further multi-stable Earth system components. Observations and recently suggested fingerprints of AMOC variability indicate a gradual weakening during the last decades, but estimates of the critical transition point remain uncertain.
Climate scientists have detected warning signs of the collapse of the Gulf Stream, one of the planet’s main potential tipping points. The research found “an almost complete loss of stability over the last century” of the currents that researchers call the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). The currents are already at their slowest point in at least 1,600 years, but the new analysis shows they may be nearing a shutdown.
Abrupt disruptions to Earth's climate thousands of years ago that caused extreme sea-level rise and mass ice cap melting can serve as an early warning system for today's planetary tipping points, according to new research.
Around 13,000 researchers have called for urgent action to slow down the climate emergency as extreme weather patterns shock the world. They listed three core measures.
This is Why it Feels Like We Might Not Have a Future Anymore. The truth is that we’re probably way past the point of no return. Every thoughtful mind can see the writing on the wall. Experts, like me, can weight in with facts. Ecologists will tell you that mass annihilation is going to rip us apart, too. Climate scientists will tell you it hasn’t been this hot for millions of years, and every year, the temperature goes up by the equivalent in bio-geological time, of a few million years.
It’s Beginning to Feel Like We’ve Finally Pushed the Planet Past its Final Tipping Point. We have “extreme events” the kind scientists have long feared. But they’ve even shocked scientists with how suddenly extreme and frequent they are. And “This is not a localised freak event, it is definitely part of a coherent global pattern.”
Climate scientists are increasingly concerned that global heating will trigger tipping points in Earth’s natural systems, which will lead to widespread and possibly irrevocable disaster, unless action is taken urgently. The impacts are likely to be much closer than most people realise, a a draft report from the world’s leading climate scientists suggests, and will fundamentally reshape life in the coming decades even if greenhouse gas emissions are brought under some control.
Un large ensemble de simulations réalisées à l’aide d’un modèle novateur permet de mieux quantifier le risque d’effet domino ou cascade climatique – une forme de réaction en chaine – pour différents niveaux de réchauffement global. Les résultats révèlent la dimension interconnectée des éléments pouvant bifurquer, tels l’inlandsis groenlandais, et l’importance de les étudier via une approche intégrée. L’étude paraît ce mois-ci dans la revue scientifique Earth System Dynamics.
Analysis shows significant risk of cascading events even at 2C of heating, with severe long-term effects. The new research examined the interactions between ice sheets in West Antarctica, Greenland, the warm Atlantic Gulf Stream and the Amazon rainforest. The scientists carried out 3m computer simulations and found domino effects in a third of them, even when temperature rises were below 2C, the upper limit of the Paris agreement.
Analysis shows significant risk of cascading events even at 2C of heating, with severe long-term effects. Ice sheets and ocean currents at risk of climate tipping points can destabilise each other as the world heats up, leading to a domino effect with severe consequences for humanity, according to a risk analysis. Tipping points occur when global heating pushes temperatures beyond a critical threshold, leading to accelerated and irreversible impacts.
A range of studies have long indicated that attention should be paid to the effects of climate change on subsystems such as the Amazon, Greenland ice or permafrost. These effects have been debated for more than 20 years. Since then, thousands of pages have been written describing their interrelationships, warning of a coming disaster. As in this article published in Nature by key figures in climate science, or this article published in National Geographic. However, despite the seriousness of the issue, mainstream media silence remains thunderous. With Ferran Puig Vilar
Sea ice land. 7 Tipping points are analysed here. Climate tipping points, elements of the Earth system in which small changes in global temperature can kick off reinforcing loops that ‘tip’ a system into a profoundly different state, accelerating heat waves, permafrost thaw, and coastal flooding — and, in some cases, fueling more warming.
2020
The growing threat of abrupt and irreversible climate changes must compel political and economic action on emissions.
The persistent march of a warming climate is seen across a multitude of continuous, incremental changes. CO2 levels in the atmosphere. Ocean heat content. Global sea level rise. Each creeps up year after year, fuelled by human-caused greenhouse gas emissions.
2018
The IPCC report sets out the world’s current knowledge of the impacts of 1.5C of warming and clearly shows the dangers of breaching such a limit. However, many scientists are increasingly worried about factors about which we know much less. These “known unknowns” of climate change are tipping points, or feedback mechanisms within the climate system – thresholds that, if passed, could send the Earth into a spiral of runaway climate change.
