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Over the past 50 years, humans have extracted the Earth’s groundwater stocks at a steep rate, largely to fuel global agro-economic development. Given society’s growing reliance on groundwater, we explore ‘peak water limits’ to investigate whether, when and where humanity might reach peak groundwater extraction. Using an integrated global model of the coupled human–Earth system, we simulate groundwater withdrawals across 235 water basins under 900 future scenarios of global change over the twenty-first century. Here we find that global non-renewable groundwater withdrawals exhibit a distinct peak-and-decline signature, comparable to historical observations of other depletable resources (for example, minerals), in nearly all (98%) scenarios, peaking on average at 625 km3 yr−1 around mid-century, followed by a decline through 2100. The peak and decline occur in about one-third (82) of basins, including 21 that may have already peaked, exposing about half (44%) of the global population to groundwater stress. Most
Les feux de l'été 1988 dans le parc américain de Yellowstone nous ont appris que les forêts peuvent se remettre des incendies. Mais jusqu'à quel point?
Greenland's enormous ice sheet has been struck by a "massive melting event," with enough ice vanishing in a single day last week to cover the whole of Florida in two inches (5 centimeters) of water, Danish researchers have found.
Knock-on effects could transform the Amazon rainforest into savannah
Publié en 2012 dans la revue GAIA – Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society –, l’article de Graham Turner est l’un des principaux fondements à l’idée de l’effondrement de notre société industrielle. Le scientifique y livre une analyse comparative des projections du célèbre Rapport Meadows, paru en 1972.