les Ressources Minières

Huge patches of forest in Tasmania have rapidly turned brown over recent months, with many trees dying after a dry summer. As climate change causes hotter and drier weather, can we expect more tree deaths in the future? 

Over the past 50 years, humans have extracted the Earth’s groundwater stocks at a steep rate, largely to fuel global agro-economic development. Given society’s growing reliance on groundwater, we explore ‘peak water limits’ to investigate whether, when and where humanity might reach peak groundwater extraction. Using an integrated global model of the coupled human–Earth system, we simulate groundwater withdrawals across 235 water basins under 900 future scenarios of global change over the twenty-first century. Here we find that global non-renewable groundwater withdrawals exhibit a distinct peak-and-decline signature, comparable to historical observations of other depletable resources (for example, minerals), in nearly all (98%) scenarios, peaking on average at 625 km3 yr−1 around mid-century, followed by a decline through 2100. The peak and decline occur in about one-third (82) of basins, including 21 that may have already peaked, exposing about half (44%) of the global population to groundwater stress. Most

Global projections of macroeconomic climate-change damages typically consider impacts from average annual and national temperatures over long time horizons1–6. Here we use recent empirical findings from more than 1,600 regions worldwide over the past 40 years to project sub-national damages from temperature and precipitation, including daily variability and extremes7,8. Using an empirical approach that provides a robust lower bound on the persistence of impacts on economic growth, we find that the world economy is committed to an income reduction of 19% within the next 26 years independent of future emission choices (relative to a baseline without climate impacts, likely range of 11–29% accounting for physical climate and empirical uncertainty). These damages already outweigh the mitigation costs required to limit global warming to 2 °C by sixfold over this near-term time frame and thereafter diverge strongly dependent on emission choices. Committed damages arise predominantly through changes in average tempe

Le débat sur les nouveaux OGM est biaisé par les lobbies qui défendent toute une série d’intérêts économiques. A la faveur de sa présidence européenne, la Belgique doit se positionner dans ce dossier en facilitant l’élaboration d’une politique européenne qui donne la priorité à l’équité, à l’autonomie des agriculteur.e.s, à la santé publique et à l’environnement.

L’Agenda 21 local de la commune de Saint-Gilles (Bruxelles, Belgique) est désormais remplacé par le Plan Climat Saint-gillois (PCSG) qui s’articule autour de trois axes: l’énergie, la mobilité et la nature. Ce Plan est complété par la présente étude qui effectue : 1) la synthèse des perspectives climatiques pour la Belgique et Bruxelles à l’horizon 2050-2100 pour les principaux aléas concernés par le changement climatique ; 2) l’analyse des risques et vulnérabilités du territoire de Saint-Gilles en lien avec le changement climatique et l’identification des inégalités environnementales corollaires.

As the Arctic warms, shrinking glaciers are exposing bubbling groundwater springs which could provide an underestimated source of the potent greenhouse gas methane, finds new research published in Nature Geoscience. The study, led by researchers from the University of Cambridge and the University Center in Svalbard, Norway, identified large stocks of methane gas leaking from groundwater springs unveiled by melting glaciers.

Simultaneous harvest failures across major crop-producing regions are a threat to global food security. Concurrent weather extremes driven by a strongly meandering jet stream could trigger such events, but so far this has not been quantified. Specifically, the ability of state-of-the art crop and climate models to adequately reproduce such high impact events is a crucial component for estimating risks to global food security. Here we find an increased likelihood of concurrent low yields during summers featuring meandering jets in observations and models. While climate models accurately simulate atmospheric patterns, associated surface weather anomalies and negative effects on crop responses are mostly underestimated in bias-adjusted simulations. Given the identified model biases, future assessments of regional and concurrent crop losses from meandering jet states remain highly uncertain. Our results suggest that model-blind spots for such high-impact but deeply-uncertain hazards have to be anticipated and acc

This Research Plan was prepared in response to a requirement in the joint explanatory statement accompanying Division B of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, directing the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), with support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), to provide a research plan for “solar and other rapid climate interventions.”

We ran computer programs that simulate ecosystems 70,000 times and the results are very worrying.

Several nations plan to build new coal power plants, with China alone approving nearly 100 gigawatts. Each gigawatt is the equivalent of installing more than 3 million solar panels.

Seafloor landforms reveal that ice sheets can collapse at 600 metres per day.

The new study shows that every increment of sea level rise will cover more than twice as much land as older models predicted, and marks another advance in providing more accurate models of rising seas

The destruction of global forests slowed in 2021 but the vital climate goal of ending deforestation by 2030 will still be missed without urgent action, according to an assessment. The area razed in 2021 fell by 6.3% after progress in some countries, notably Indonesia. But almost 7m hectares were lost and the destruction of the most carbon- and biodiversity-rich tropical rainforests fell by only 3%. The CO2 emissions resulting from the lost trees were equivalent to the emissions of the entire European Union plus Japan.

Tussen 1982 en 2020 is de periode van sneeuwbedekking in berggebieden wereldwijd met gemiddeld vijftien dagen afgenomen. Dat blijkt uit een nieuwe studie van het Zwitserse onderzoekscentrum Eurac Research.

Op 22 augustus lag de marktprijs voor aardgas bij de Duitse gasnetbeheerder THB (Trading Hub Europe) meer dan 1000% hoger dan een jaar geleden. De meeste Duitsers krijgen van de regering Scholz te horen dat de schuld ligt bij Poetin en diens oorlog in Oekraïne. Maar dat is ver bezijden de waarheid. EU-politici en belangrijke financiële belangen gebruiken Rusland als dekmantel voor wat eigenlijk een energiecrisis van Duitse en Brusselse makelij is. De gevolgen zijn dan ook geen toeval.

The federal effort could set the stage for more studies into the feasibility, benefits and risks of one of the more controversial means of combating climate change.

Conference: Doctorales 2022 de la Société Française des Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication (SFSIC)At: Dijon

Projected growth in rocket launches for space tourism, moon landings, and perhaps travel to According to new NOAA research published in the Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, a 10-fold increase in hydrocarbon fueled launches, which is plausible within the next two decades based on recent trends in space traffic growth, would damage the ozone layer, and change atmospheric circulation patterns.

Scientists at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego used an unprecedented technique to detect that levels of helium are rising in the atmosphere, resolving an issue that has lingered among atmospheric chemists for decades.

A liquified natural gas (LNG) crisis is brewing for European countries dealing with energy insecurity in the wake of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, as demand will outstrip supply by the end of this year, Rystad Energy research shows. Although soaring demand has spurred the greatest rush of new LNG projects worldwide in more than a decade, construction timelines mean material relief is unlikely only after 2024. Global LNG demand is expected to hit 436 million tonnes in 2022, outpacing the available supply of just 410 million tonnes. A perfect winter storm may be forming for Europe as the continent seeks to limit Russian gas flows. The supply imbalance and high prices will set the scene for the most bullish environment for LNG projects in more than a decade, although supply from these projects will only arrive and provide relief from after 2024 The European Union’s REPowerEU plan has set an ambitious target to reduce dependence on Russian gas by 66% within this year – an aim that will clash with the EU’s goal of

Les exportations de combustibles fossiles ont rapporté à la Russie près de « 63 milliards d’euros au cours des deux premiers mois de la guerre en Ukraine », selon une étude publié ce 28 avril par le CREA (Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air)(1).

Les derniers engagements de Pékin en matière de climat, ont déjà conduit à l'annulation de 15 projets de centrales électriques au charbon, financés à l'étranger par la Chine, mais certains chantiers "dans une zone grise" pourraient aboutir, anticipent des experts. Les 15 projets annulés représentaient l'équivalent de 12,8 gigawatts (GW) d'électricité, selon une étude publiée vendredi par le Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA), un institut de recherche basé en Finlande.

The world may be facing a devastating “hidden” collapse in insect species due to the twin threats of climate change and habitat loss.

La transition énergétique en Europe pourrait connaître « une petite accélération », en raison de l’invasion russe de l’Ukraine, selon une nouvelle analyse de l'Energy Transition Research de DNV publiée ce 6 avril(1).

New data suggests forests help keep the Earth at least half of a degree cooler, protecting us from the effects of climate crisis

Depuis le début de l’invasion russe en Ukraine, la question de la dépendance de l’Europe au gaz, et plus généralement aux combustibles fossiles, a surgi dans les discussions publiques. Cette crise, ajoutée à l’urgence climatique, nous rappelle que notre système énergétique doit fortement se transformer. Mais aussi que la transition énergétique sera fortement dépendante des importations de métaux. Analyse de Greg de Temmerman, docteur en physique expérimentale et directeur général du think tank Zenon Research.

La guerre en Ukraine a remis la question de notre (in)dépendance énergétique dans beaucoup de discussions, notamment car l’Europe importe beaucoup de gaz et de pétrole de Russie (entre autres matières). La transition énergétique est une opportunité de faire fortement évoluer cette dépendance… Mais au risque d’en créer de nouvelles. Décryptage par Greg De Temmerman, physicien, chercheur associé aux Mines-ParisTech PSL et directeur général du think tank Zenon Research.

To this day, the demand for metals has kept increasing. The energy transition necessary to meet climate objectives will add to that demand during the upcoming decades, for low-carbon energy technologies require larger metal quantities than their fossil-fuel based counterparts. This frequently raises concerns over the actual capacity of geological stocks to meet demand at scale, which we investigate in the present analysis.

The world could lose half of its best coffee-growing land under a moderate climate change scenario. Brazil, which is the currently world’s largest coffee producer, will see its most suitable coffee-growing land decline by 79%.

Over the weekend, physical climate scientist David Holland made it to his research base on the Thwaites Glacier — a vast, unstable and vital ice formation in Southern Antarctica that researchers have scrambled to understand.

There has been a 50-fold increase in the production of chemicals since 1950. This is projected to triple again by 2050

Le glyphosate fait encore parler de lui. Le pesticide le plus utilisé dans le monde, et particulièrement en France, est au centre d’une nouvelle recherche. L’étude publiée mercredi dans la revue Environmental Science and Pollution Research et menée sur 6 848 personnes partout en France métropolitaine et à la Réunion est sans équivoque : la quasi-totalité des urines analysées sont contaminées au glyphosate.

Berkeley Earth, a California-based non-profit research organization, has been preparing independent analyses of global mean temperature changes since 2013. The following is our report on global mean temperature during 2021.

The accelerating melting of the Himalayan glaciers threatens the water supply of millions of people in Asia, new research warns.

Une étude récente portant sur la formation des nuages de glace au-dessus de l’océan Austral a mis en lumière la relation complexe qui lie la couverture nuageuse aux aérosols marins. Les résultats publiés dans la revue Geophysical Research Letters le 15 novembre dernier permettent notamment de comprendre pourquoi ceux-ci surviennent à des températures anormalement élevées dans cette région du monde.

New research sees two-thirds of mollusc types only found living by hydrothermal vents added to IUCN’s red list of endangered species

Le secteur de l’armement a bien résisté au choc économique provoqué par la pandémie en 2020 : alors que l’économie mondiale a reculé de 3,1%, les ventes d’armes ont, elles, augmenté de 1,3% en termes réels. C’est ce que montrent les nouvelles données publiées par le Sipri (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute).

Five times in the last 500m years, more than three-fourths of marine animal species perished in mass extinctions. Each of these events is associated with a major disruption of Earth’s carbon cycle. How such catastrophes occur remains mysterious. But recent research increasingly points to the possibility that the Earth system – that is, life and the environment – may experience a cascade of disruptions when stressed beyond a tipping point.

The scientific consensus that humans are altering the climate has passed 99.9%, according to research that strengthens the case for global action at the Cop26 summit in Glasgow.

Si la planète se réchauffe d'un demi-degré de plus, ce sont 200 millions de citadins supplémentaires qui seront ainsi régulièrement affectés par des inondations et rendus plus vulnérables lors des tempêtes, ont-ils écrit dans la revue Environmental Research Letters.

Rooftop solar panels are up to 79% cheaper than they were in 2010. These plummeting costs have made rooftop solar photovoltaics even more attractive to households and businesses who want to reduce their reliance on electricity grids while reducing their carbon footprints. But are there enough rooftop surfaces for this technology to generate affordable, low-carbon energy for everyone who needs it?

La Terre, notre « point bleu pâle » dans l'univers comme l'appelait l'astronome Carl Sagan, est de moins en moins pâle. Une récente étude publiée dans la revue « AGU - Geophysical Research Letters » montre que le réchauffement des eaux océaniques a provoqué une baisse de la luminosité de notre planète.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

The research found 90% of coal and 60% of oil and gas reserves could not be extracted if there was to be even a 50% chance of keeping global heating below 1.5C, the temperature beyond which the worst climate impacts hit.

The study from the UN University, the academic and research arm of the UN, looks at 10 different disasters that occurred in 2020 and 2021, and finds that, even though they occurred in very different locations and do not initially appear to have much in common, they are, in fact, interconnected.

This report has been made possible due to the funding of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF). We thank them for their support.

Scientists have uncovered a fascinating new insight into what caused one of the most rapid and dramatic instances of climate change in the history of the Earth.

Scientists are hopeful that the National Ignition Facility’s recent success will advance understanding of thermonuclear reactions.

If Earth had a pulse, it might be The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) – a swirl of ocean currents that carries tropical heat north towards polar waters. Over the past century this global heartbeat has eased, slowing to a speed not seen in more than a millennium. New research based on a range of indices has now bolstered views that the weakening isn't a trivial one, and critical transition is imminent.

A group of leading international researchers have issued a stark new warning to governments that relying on technology alone will not be enough to address the growing climate emergency, saying that presumptions that economic growth can continue unchecked should be challenged.

Het globale voedselsysteem is de belangrijkste oorzaak voor de ecologische crisis en de klimaatontregeling. Het duwt natuurlijke systemen tot voorbij de veilige grenzen voor de mensheid, schrijven Jeremy Coller van het investeerdersnetwerk FAIRR, hoogleraar Johan Rockström van het Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research en Gunhild Stordalen, oprichter van stichting EAT.

There are some phrases that should stop you in your tracks. The warning of a future that holds "untold suffering" is one of them. That is exactly what scientists from around the world are cautioning will happen if we don't take the threat of climate change seriously. In a paper published Wednesday in the journal BioScience, more than 14,000 scientists from 153 countries signed their name to research that warns of an incoming climate emergency.

A 1972 MIT study predicted that rapid economic growth would lead to societal collapse in the mid 21st century. A new paper shows we’re unfortunately right on schedule.

Rapid filling of a giant dam at the headwaters of the Nile River—the world's biggest waterway that supports millions of people—could reduce water supplies to downstream Egypt by more than one-third, new USC research shows.

The effects of ‘weird weather’ were already being felt in the 1960s, but scientists linking fossil fuels with climate change were dismissed as prophets of doom

At the tail end of winter in 2015, the ground in the Wimmera in northwestern Victoria had been a little dry but conditions weren't too bad for farmers. The crop season was going well.

We have here (in the Baltic Sea, about half a million tonnes of conventional munitions and about 40,000 tonnes of chemical weapons. Some of the conventional munitions are armed and may explode if moved. As for poisoning people and fish, we don`t have enough data to speak of probability. However, the bombs leak poisonous substances, the seabed is contaminated in their immediate vicinity (up to 250 m).

A new scientific paper proposing a scenario of unstoppable climate change has gone viral, thanks to its evocative description of a “Hothouse Earth”. Much of the media coverage suggests that we face an imminent and unavoidable extreme climate catastrophe. But as a climate scientist who has carried out similar research myself, I am aware that this latest work is a lot more nuanced than the headlines imply. So what does the hothouse paper actually say, and how did the authors draw their conclusions?

In the early 1970s, ecologist Barry Commoner wrote The Closing Circle, in which he discussed the rapid growth of industry and technology and their persistent effect on all forms of life. He suggested that we can reduce the negative effects by sensitizing, informing and educating ourselves about our connection to the natural world. Commoner summarized the basics of ecology into what he termed “laws of ecology.” Others have also used this idea to develop simple statements that help us understand and remember our connections to nature. Here are five laws of ecology:

The centerpiece of the early anthropogenic hypothesis is the claim that humans took control of greenhouse-gas trends thousands of years ago because of emissions from early agriculture ( [32] and [33]). A common reaction to this claim is that too few people lived thousands of years ago to have had a major effect on either land use or greenhouse-gas concentrations.