Le Gaz
Un gaz est un ensemble d’atomes ou de molécules très faiblement liés et quasi indépendants. Dans l’état gazeux, la matière n’a pas de forme propre ni de volume propre : un gaz tend à occuper tout le volume disponible. Cette phase constitue l’un des quatre états dans lequel peut se trouver un corps pur, les autres étant les phases solide, liquide et plasma (ce dernier, proche de l’état gazeux, s’en distingue par sa conduction électrique). Le passage de l’état liquide à l’état gazeux est appelé vaporisation. On qualifie alors le corps de vapeur (par exemple la vapeur d’eau)1. Source : wikipedia
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Critical minerals, which are essential for a range of energy technologies and for the broader economy, have become a major focus in global policy and trade discussions. Price volatility, supply chain bottlenecks and geopolitical concerns make the regular monitoring of their supply and demand extremely vital.
World Energy Outlook 2024 - Analysis and key findings. A report by the International Energy Agency.
Sharp declines in critical mineral prices mask risks of future supply strains as energy transitions advance - News from the International Energy Agency
Global coal consumption climbed to a new all-time high in 2022 and will stay near that record level this year as strong growth in Asia for both power generation and industrial applications outpaces declines in the United States and Europe, according to the IEA’s latest market update.
Global coal demand is set to increase only marginally in 2022 but enough to push it to an all-time high amid the energy crisis, according to a new IEA report, which forecasts the world’s coal consumption will remain at similar levels in the following years in the absence of stronger efforts to accelerate the transition to clean energy.
Measures implemented this year could bring down gas imports from Russia by over one-third, with additional temporary options to deepen these cuts to well over half while still lowering emissions.
The number of countries announcing pledges to achieve net zero emissions over the coming decades continues to grow. But the pledges by governments to date – even if fully achieved – fall well short of what is required to bring global energy-related carbon dioxide emissions to net zero by 2050 and give the world an even chance of limiting the global temperature rise to 1.5 °C.
