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Qu’est-ce que l’Intelligence Artificielle ?
L’intelligence artificielle (IA) désigne un ensemble de technologies qui permettent aux machines de simuler des processus d’intelligence humaine. Cela inclut la capacité d’apprendre, de raisonner, de résoudre des problèmes, de comprendre le langage naturel et de percevoir des informations à partir de leur environnement. L’IA repose sur des algorithmes complexes qui sont intégrés dans des environnements informatiques dynamiques. Ces algorithmes permettent aux machines d’améliorer leurs performances au fil du temps en se basant sur les données qu’elles collectent. Source : you.com
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James Hansen
Sensibilité climatique Les trois méthodes d’analyse – paléoclimat, observations satellites et modélisation climatique – indiquent une sensibilité climatique nettement plus élevée que la meilleure estimation du GIEC de 3 degrés Celsius ; notre meilleure estimation est de 4,5 degrés Celsius. Remarque : 4,5 °C se situe dans la plage très probable définie par le GIEC. « Sur la base de multiples sources de preuve, la plage très probable de la sensibilité climatique à l’équilibre est comprise entre 2 °C et 5 °C » (GIEC AR6 WG1 SPM A.4.4).
Why is the Trump Administration trying to kill a small space science institute in New York City? Explanation begins with Galileo’s method of scientific inquiry and ends with the role of special interest money in the United States government. Galileo improved the telescope, allowing clearer observations of the planets and the Sun. Galileo differed from his peers, as he was unafraid to challenge authority. He claimed that the world should be understood based on observations, and he spoke directly to the public. He obtained philanthropic support for his observations and openly described the conclusion that Earth was not the center of the solar system – Earth revolved around the Sun.
Earth’s albedo (reflectivity) declined over the 25 years of precise satellite data, with the decline so large that this change must be mainly reduced reflection of sunlight by clouds. Part of the cloud change is caused by reduction of human-made atmospheric aerosols, which act as condensation nuclei for cloud formation, but most of the cloud change is cloud feedback that occurs with global warming. The observed albedo change proves that clouds provide a large, amplifying, climate feedback. This large cloud feedback confirms high climate sensitivity, consistent with paleoclimate data and with the rate of global warming in the past century.
Global temperature for 2025 should decline little, if at all, from the record 2024 level. Absence of a large temperature decline after the huge El Nino-spurred temperature increase in 2023-24 will provide further confirmation that IPCC’s best estimates for climate sensitivity and aerosol climate forcing were both underestimates. Specifically, 2025 global temperature should remain near or above +1.5C relative to 1880-1920, and, if the tropics remain ENSO-neutral, there is good chance that 2025 may even exceed the 2024 record high global temperature.
Het internationaal afgesproken klimaatdoel van maximaal 2° C opwarming is "dood". Dat zegt de gerenommeerde klimaatwetenschapper James Hansen. Volgens hem is de snelheid waarmee de Aarde opwarmt zwaar onderschat en dreigen we versneld af te stevenen op extreme weerfenomenen en klimaatrampen.
Les températures de la Planète augmenteront pendant les prochaines décennies. Les catastrophes climatiques s’aggraveront au cours de cette période. A 2°C, il y aura beaucoup plus d’inondations et des vagues de chaleur plus fortes. Nous les subirons de plein fouet, probablement au cours des vingt prochaines années (James E.Hansen).
Global temperature leaped more than 0.4°C (0.7°F) during the past two years, the 12-month average peaking in August 2024 at +1.6°C relative to the temperature at the beginning of last century (the 1880-1920 average). This temperature jump was spurred by one of the periodic tropical El Niño warming events, but many Earth scientists were baffled by the magnitude of the global warming, which was twice as large as expected for the weak 2023-2024 El Niño.
... An “acid” test of our interpretation will be provided by the 2025 global temperature: unlike the 1997-98 and 2015-16 El Ninos, which were followed by global cooling of more than 0.3°C and 0.2°C, respectively, we expect global temperature in 2025 to remain near or above the 1.5°C level. Indeed, the 2025 might even set a new record despite the present weak La Nina. There are two independent reasons. First, the “new” climate forcing due to reduction of sulfate aerosols over the ocean remains in place, and, second, high climate sensitivity (~4.5°C for doubled CO2) implies that the warming from recently added forcings is still growing significantly.
Un nouvel article du grand climatologue James Hansen affirme que le réchauffement a accéléré il y a quelques années. La réduction des aérosols liés au fuel des navires en serait la cause. La fonte du Groenland dépasse les prévisions et mènera à un arrêt de la circulation océanique dans 20 -30 ans, ce qui provoquera plus tard une importante montée du niveau de la mer. Il suggère des prévisions climatiques complémentaires à celles du GIEC, qui s’appuieraient plus sur les observations de la réalité.
De werkelijke omvang van de opwarming van de aarde is jarenlang gemaskeerd door vervuiling. "Nu wordt de werkelijke mate van opwarming zichtbaar", zegt James Hansen, een wetenschapper die in de jaren tachtig al waarschuwde voor klimaatverandering.
An engaging discussion on groundbreaking research that reveals the unexpected drivers behind the recent unprecedented rise in global temperatures. Moderated by SDSN President Professor Jeffrey Sachs, this virtual event explored Dr. James Hansen and colleagues' findings in the latest publication, “Global Warming Has Accelerated,” their implications for climate sensitivity, and the urgent need for alternative approaches to mitigate the looming "point of no return."
Il est trop tard. Pour l'ancien climatologue de la Nasa, James Hansen, maintenir le réchauffement sous les 2°C est impossible.
Prof James Hansen says pace of global heating has been significantly underestimated, though other scientists disagree
Breathless reporting on when the present global heat anomaly will begin to fall is understandable, given heat suffering around the world. However, fundamental issues are in question and a reflection on time scales is in order, for the sake of understanding ongoing climate change and actions that need to be taken.
Global temperature (12-month mean) is still rising at 1.56°C relative to 1880-1920 in the GISS analysis through April (Fig. 1). [Robert Rohde reports that it is 1.65°C relative to 1850-1900 in the BerkeleyEarth analysis.[3]] Global temperature is likely to continue to rise a bit for at least a month, peak this summer, and then decline as the El Nino fades toward La Nina. Acceleration of global warming is now hard to deny. The GISS 12-month temperature is now 0.36°C above the 0.18°C/decade trend line, which is 3.6 times the standard deviation (0.1°C). Confidence in global warming acceleration thus exceeds 99%, but we need to see how far temperature falls with the next La Nina before evaluating the post-2010 global warming rate.
