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Texte de l’intervention d’Aurélien Barrau au Forum Innovation Sociétale à Lausanne le 29 avril 2026. Lien vers la vidéo dans le document.

We propose a new paradigm, as toxicology currently lacks the proper perspective. From the 1950s to the 1970s, at least one-third of all toxicological testing in the United States, including for chemicals and drugs, was misleading scientists, and this worldwide issue persists today. Moreover, petroleum-based waste and heavy metals have been discovered in pesticide and plasticizer formulations. These contaminations have now reached all forms of life. Widespread exposure to chemical mixtures promotes health and environmental risks. We discovered that pesticides have never undergone long-term testing on mammals in their full commercial formulations by regulatory authorities or the pesticide industry; instead, only their declared active ingredients have been assessed, contrary to environmental law recommendations. The ingredients of these formulations are not fully disclosed, yet the formulations are in general at least 1000 times more toxic at low environmentally relevant doses than the active ingredients alone u

Purpose Animal emissions account for nearly 60% of total greenhouse gas emissions from the livestock sector. To estimate these emissions, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) developed a dedicated module within the Global Livestock Environmental Assessment Model (GLEAM). Although previous studies have explored selected inputs for specific animals and emission types, a comprehensive analysis of all 92 inputs (parameters and emission factors) had not been conducted. This study aimed to identify the most influential inputs affecting ruminant emissions in GLEAM.

Emerging infectious diseases, biodiversity loss, and anthropogenic environmental change are interconnected crises with massive social and ecological costs. In this Review, we discuss how pathogens and parasites are responding to global change, and the implications for pandemic prevention and biodiversity conservation. Ecological and evolutionary principles help to explain why both pandemics and wildlife die-offs are becoming more common; why land-use change and biodiversity loss are often followed by an increase in zoonotic and vector-borne diseases; and why some species, such as bats, host so many emerging pathogens. To prevent the next pandemic, scientists should focus on monitoring and limiting the spread of a handful of high-risk viruses, especially at key interfaces such as farms and live-animal markets. But to address the much broader set of infectious disease risks associated with the Anthropocene, decision-makers will need to develop comprehensive strategies that include pathogen surveillance across s

Terrestrial ecosystems have taken up about 32% of the total anthropogenic CO2 emissions in the past six decades1. Large uncertainties in terrestrial carbon–climate feedbacks, however, make it difficult to predict how the land carbon sink will respond to future climate change2. Interannual variations in the atmospheric CO2 growth rate (CGR) are dominated by land–atmosphere carbon fluxes in the tropics, providing an opportunity to explore land carbon–climate interactions3–6. It is thought that variations in CGR are largely controlled by temperature7–10 but there is also evidence for a tight coupling between water availability and CGR11. Here, we use a record of global atmospheric CO2, terrestrial water storage and precipitation data to investigate changes in the interannual relationship between tropical land climate conditions and CGR under a changing climate. We find that the interannual relationship between tropical water availability and CGR became increasingly negative during 1989–2018 compared to 1960–1989

Disposition des Québécoises et des Québécois envers les défis climatiques

Dans le rapport ci-après publié le 25 avril dernier, Eurométaux (association européenne des producteurs de métaux) estime que l'Europe aura en particulier besoin, pour atteindre la neutralité carbone en 2050, de 35 fois plus de lithium à l'horizon 2050 (près de 800 000 tonnes par an) qu'à l'heure actuelle, mais aussi de 2 fois plus de nickel (400 000 tonnes en 2050) ou encore de 35% de plus de cuivre (1,5 million de tonnes en 2050). Ledit rapport, rédigé par des chercheurs de l'Université belge KU Leuven, avertit ainsi que « l'Europe pourrait être confrontée à des problèmes de pénurie vers 2030 pour son approvisionnement en lithium, cobalt, nickel, terres rares et cuivre »(1). Les chercheurs associent à leur alerte une « bonne nouvelle » : 40 à 75% des besoins de métaux pourraient être couverts par le recyclage à l'horizon 2050 si l'Europe investit rapidement dans les infrastructures et relève entre autres ses taux de recyclage obligatoires.