Les Formats courts de l’Observatoire

Chronic exposure to pesticide mixtures through diet is common, yet their combined metabolic effects and interactions with dietary factors remain unclear. We identified four pesticides prevalent in human exposure (imazalil, thiabendazole, boscalid, lambda-cyhalothrin) and assessed their combined impacts on hepatic metabolism and metabolic homeostasis using human liver cells and male mice fed standard chow or western diets. We found that the pesticide mixture induced metabolic perturbations in human hepatocytes. In addition, the pesticide mixture altered hepatic gene expression in chow-fed mice and exacerbated western diet-induced glucose intolerance, fasting hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance without affecting body weight or liver steatosis. These findings reveal that dietary context influences the metabolic consequences of pesticide mixtures, highlighting the need to consider nutritional status when evaluating environmental contaminant risks. Our results suggest that pesticide mixtures at reference doses m

Scenarios serve as a critical tool in climate change analysis, enabling the exploration of future evolution of the climate system, climate impacts, and the human system (including mitigation and adaptation actions). This paper describes the scenario framework for ScenarioMIP as part of CMIP7. The design process has involved various rounds of interaction with the research community and user groups at large. The proposal covers a set of scenarios exploring high levels of climate change (to explore high-end climate risks), medium levels of climate change (anchored to current policy), and low levels of climate change (aligned with current international agreements). These scenarios follow very different trajectories in terms of emissions, with some likely to experience peaks and subsequent declines in greenhouse gas concentrations in this century. An important innovation is that most scenarios are intended to be run, if possible, in emission-driven mode, providing a better representation of the Earth system uncert

A new groundbreaking German study proves that pesticides spread much further from the field than previously believed. A team of scientists led by Professor Dr. Carsten Brühl tested topsoil, vegetation, streams and puddles from 78 locations over a 180 km stretch, from remote areas in the UNESCO forests on the mountain ranges to the farmland in the Upper Rhine area. The research team detected a total of 63 pesticides. Almost all measurement sites were contaminated. Residues were found in 97% of the soil and vegetation samples, often in complex mixtures of several active ingredients. This cocktail of pesticides is especially problematic because interactions can occur and effects can be amplified. The worrying results are consistent with previous smaller-scale studies in the South Tirol area in Italy. Large scale and prolonged pesticide use is a major factor in the sharp decline in populations of insects and other organisms essential for farming, as highlighted in our biodiversity campaign. The researchers see pe

Une étude de la revue “Nature” indique que l’interaction des courants marins à l’échelle mondiale, qui intègre le fameux Gulf Stream, pourrait être ralentie dans les prochaines années. Avec d’importantes conséquences, les courants jouant un rôle prépondérant dans la régulation du climat et des températures.

Mémoire de recherche

L'interaction dangereuse des crises environnementales et sécuritaires représente un risque complexe pour la paix mondiale et annonce une nouvelle ère de risques imprévisibles auxquels nos décideurs ne sont pas suffisamment préparés.

Depuis trop d’années, le grave état de santé de l’Amazonie inquiète. Déforestation sauvage, incendies, élévation de la température… Autant de symptômes d’un fatal déséquilibre aux prochaines implications climatiques globales, et irrémédiables. En cause ? Une destruction systématique menée, depuis trois siècles à peine, par les sociétés occidentales. Mais celles-ci, contrairement aux idées reçues, ne menacent pas seulement la plus grande forêt tropicale du monde, mais également les Amérindiens, qui ont pourtant toujours vécu en interaction avec leur milieu naturel.

L’ouvrage qui rassemble entre autres Delphine Horvilleur, Pablo Servigne ou Etienne Klein, imagine une société basée non plus sur la séparation entre les individus et entre les concepts, mais sur une interaction généralisée. En voici les bonnes feuilles, de Vincianne Despret, Abdennour Bidar ,Loïc Blondiaux

Qu’est-ce qu’un individu si l’être que je suis est fait de tous les êtres qui me composent et des multiples influences qui me façonnent ?

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