Transition énergétique ?

Alors que nous sortons à peine d’une phase de refroidissement relatif, une menace invisible couve sous la surface de l’océan Pacifique. Les deux plus grandes agences météorologiques mondiales, la NOAA et le Bureau australien de météorologie, viennent de lancer l’alerte : le phénomène El Niño a plus de 60 % de chances de faire son grand retour dès l’été 2026. Ce n’est pas une simple prévision météo, c’est l’annonce d’un basculement climatique qui pourrait faire basculer les records de température mondiaux dans une zone encore jamais explorée par l’humanité.

The world seems headed into another El Nino, just 3 years after the last one. Such quick return normally would imply, at most, an El Nino of moderate strength, but we suggest that even a moderately strong El Nino may yield record global temperature already in 2026 and still greater temperature in 2027. The extreme warming will be a result mainly of high climate sensitivity and a recent increase of the net global climate forcing, not the result of an exceptional El Nino, per se. We find that the principal drive for global warming acceleration began in about 2015, which implies that 2°C global warming is likely to be reached in the 2030s, not at midcentury.

The world seems headed into another El Nino, just 3 years after the last one. Such quick return normally would imply, at most, an El Nino of moderate strength, but we suggest that even a moderately strong El Nino may yield record global temperature already in 2026 and still greater temperature in 2027. The extreme warming will be a result mainly of high climate sensitivity and a recent increase of the net global climate forcing, not the result of an exceptional El Nino, per se. We find that the principal drive for global warming acceleration began in about 2015, which implies that 2°C global warming is likely to be reached in the 2030s, not at midcentury.

Global temperature in 2025 declined 0.1°C from its El Nino-spurred maximum in 2024, making 2025 the second warmest year. The 2023-2025 mean is +1.5°C relative to 1880-1920. The 12-month running-mean temperature should decline for the next few months, reaching a minimum about +1.4°C. Later in 2026, we expect the 12-month running-mean temperature to begin to rise, as dynamical models show development of an El Nino. We project a global temperature record of +1.7°C in 2027, which will provide further confirmation of the recent global warming acceleration.

Le seuil de 1,5 °C de réchauffement planétaire sera dépassé sur plusieurs années, alerte un consortium international de scientifiques. Problème : le budget carbone pour le limiter sera bientôt épuisé.

Global temperature for 2025 should decline little, if at all, from the record 2024 level. Absence of a large temperature decline after the huge El Nino-spurred temperature increase in 2023-24 will provide further confirmation that IPCC’s best estimates for climate sensitivity and aerosol climate forcing were both underestimates. Specifically, 2025 global temperature should remain near or above +1.5C relative to 1880-1920, and, if the tropics remain ENSO-neutral, there is good chance that 2025 may even exceed the 2024 record high global temperature.

The world is warming despite natural fluctuations from the El Niño cycle.

... An “acid” test of our interpretation will be provided by the 2025 global temperature: unlike the 1997-98 and 2015-16 El Ninos, which were followed by global cooling of more than 0.3°C and 0.2°C, respectively, we expect global temperature in 2025 to remain near or above the 1.5°C level. Indeed, the 2025 might even set a new record despite the present weak La Nina. There are two independent reasons. First, the “new” climate forcing due to reduction of sulfate aerosols over the ocean remains in place, and, second, high climate sensitivity (~4.5°C for doubled CO2) implies that the warming from recently added forcings is still growing significantly.

« Je vais encore vous parler de Donald Trump. Désolé. Mais il se passe tellement de choses du côté de Washington qu’on oublie parfois qu’il a accédé au pouvoir il y a quinze jours seulement. C’est justement cette stratégie d’accumulation que je voudrais évoquer. En multipliant les annonces et les actes les plus ahurissants, le nouveau président et ses acolytes visent à créer un état de sidération qui anesthésie toute capacité de réaction.

Un second El Niño, jusqu'alors inconnu des scientifiques, est-il responsable de conséquences météo que personne n'avait réussi à comprendre jusqu'à maintenant ? C'est ce que révèle une nouvelle étude publiée dans Journal of Geophysical Research : Oceans.