Juin2024

The Gulf Stream is part of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). The AMOC is a tipping element and may collapse under changing forcing. However, the role of the Gulf Stream in such a tipping event is unknown. Here, we investigate the link between the AMOC and Gulf Stream using a high-resolution (0. 1°) stand-alone ocean simulation, in which the AMOC collapses under a slowly-increasing freshwater forcing. AMOC weakening gradually shifts the Gulf Stream near Cape Hatteras northward, followed by an abrupt northward displacement of 219 km within 2 years. This rapid shift occurs a few decades before the simulated AMOC collapse. Satellite altimetry shows a significant (1993–2024, p < 0.05) northward Gulf Stream trend near Cape Hatteras, which is also confirmed in subsurface temperature observations (1965–2024, p < 0.01). These findings provide indirect evidence for present-day AMOC weakening and demonstrate that abrupt Gulf Stream shifts can serve as early warning indicator for AMOC tipping.

De qui s’Amoc-t-on ? Dérèglement des températures, inversion des saisons sèches et humides, montée du niveau de la mer… L’effondrement de la circulation méridionale de renversement de l'Atlantique (ou «Amoc»), un courant océanique essentiel dans la régulation du climat, pourrait être catastrophique. Et il a peut-être déjà commencé. On fait le point avec René van Westen, chercheur en océanographie physique

Scientists now have a better understanding of the risks ahead and a new early warning signal to watch for.