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Human pressures have pushed the Earth system deep into the Anthropocene, threatening its stability, resilience and functioning. The Planetary Boundaries (PB) framework emerged against these threats, setting safe levels to the biophysical systems and processes that, with high likelihood, ensure life-supporting Holocene-like conditions. In this Review, we synthesize PB advancements, detailing its emergence and mainstreaming across scientific disciplines and society. The nine PBs capture the key functions regulating the Earth system. The safe operating space has been transgressed for six of these. PB science is essential to prevent further Earth system risks and has sparked new research on the precision of safe boundaries. Human development within planetary boundaries defines sustainable development, informing advances in social sciences. Each PB translates to a finite budget that the world must operate within, requiring strengthened global governance. The PB framework has been adopted by businesses and informed

Under current emission trajectories, temporarily overshooting the Paris global warming limit of 1.5 °C is a distinct possibility. Permanently exceeding this limit would substantially increase the probability of triggering climate tipping elements. Here, we investigate the tipping risks associated with several policy-relevant future emission scenarios, using a stylised Earth system model of four interconnected climate tipping elements.

Le concept des limites planétaires, proposé en 2009, révisé en 2015 (Steffen et al.), puis en 2023 (Richardson et al.), vise à définir un « espace de fonctionnement sûr pour l'humanité » qui repose sur l'évolution de neuf phénomènes complexes et interconnectés

Comment mener des projets qui respectent les équilibres écologiques et sociaux, et assurent la viabilité des politiques territoriales ? Comment sortir des projets cloisonnés et appréhender notre environnement dans toute sa complexité ? Comment garantir un "espace sûr et juste" pour l’humanité ?De plus en plus mobilisées, "les limites planétaires" offrent un nouveau cadre d’analyse et d’action pour répondre à l’urgence d’un changement de nos méthodes

Human activities are threatening to push the Earth system beyond its planetary boundaries, risking catastrophic and irreversible global environmental change. Action is urgently needed, yet well-intentioned policies designed to reduce pressure on a single boundary can lead, through economic linkages, to aggravation of other pressures. In particular, the potential policy spillovers from an increase in the global carbon price onto other critical Earth system processes has received little attention to date. To this end, we explore the global environmental effects of pricing carbon, beyond its effect on carbon emissions. We find that the case for carbon pricing globally becomes even stronger in a multi-boundary world, since it can ameliorate many other planetary pressures. It does however exacerbate certain planetary pressures, largely by stimulating additional biofuel production. When carbon pricing is allied with a biofuel policy, however, it can alleviate all planetary pressures. In the light of nine Earth Syst

La marche persistante d’un climat en réchauffement se manifeste par une multitude de changements continus et progressifs. Les niveaux de CO2 dans l’atmosphère. La teneur en chaleur des océans. L’élévation du niveau de la mer à l’échelle mondiale. Chacune s’élève d’année en année, alimentée par les émissions de gaz à effet de serre d’origine humaine. Et si les records climatiques sont régulièrement battus, l’impact cumulatif de ces changements pourrait également entraîner des changements radicaux et irréversibles dans des parties fondamentales du système terrestre.