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The tiny former Soviet republic’s determination not to be cowed by the Kremlin could provide a template for the west on how to hold back the tide of subversion and corruption

From farmers to disaster survivors, new plaintiffs and progressing lawsuits are putting pressure on industry polluters.

The past year saw major developments in accountability cases against oil companies and national governments around the world, as well as setbacks for several high-profile fossil fuel projects.

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There's likely to be a significant increase in the number of lawsuits brought against fossil fuel companies in the coming years, say researchers. Their new study finds that to date, lawyers have failed to use the most up-to-date scientific evidence on the cause of rising temperatures. As a result, there have been few successful claims for compensation. That could change, as evidence linking specific weather events to carbon emissions increases.

be a source of information with regular updates on climate change lawsuits around the world. From cases grounded in human rights claims to straightforward tort suits, litigation relating to the climate crisis has grown substantially in recent years. And as the crisis continues and worsens, climate litigation is likely to rise as people increasingly seek relief through the courts.

The Energy Charter Treaty is a little-known investment protection treaty. It allows foreign investors to claim billions in compensation from the signatory states before international arbitration tribunals if the companies feel treated unfairly by the states energy or climate policies. This procedure has numerous problems: The treaty is one-sided, because only companies can sue states. It is extremely vaguely worded and thus a gateway for investors to sue. The arbitration courts meet in secret like shadow courts. In some cases, it is not even made public that there are proceedings at all.