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Les débats suscités au début de l’année 2023 par l’arrivée de ChatGPT et, aujourd’hui, de plusieurs autres robots conversationnels1 dépassent très largement le cercle des passionnés du numérique. Un peu partout en effet, dans le monde de l’enseignement, on s’essaye à ces outils et il est rare qu’on ne soit pas impressionné par le résultat obtenu.

We investigate the potential implications of large language models (LLMs), such as Generative Pretrained Transformers (GPTs), on the U.S. labor market, focusing on the increased capabilities arising from LLM-powered software compared to LLMs on their own. Using a new rubric, we assess occupations based on their alignment with LLM capabilities, integrating both human expertise and GPT-4 classifications. Our findings reveal that around 80% of the U.S. workforce could have at least 10% of their work tasks affected by the introduction of LLMs, while approximately 19% of workers may see at least 50% of their tasks impacted. We do not make predictions about the development or adoption timeline of such LLMs. The projected effects span all wage levels, with higher-income jobs potentially facing greater exposure to LLM capabilities and LLM-powered software. Significantly, these impacts are not restricted to industries with higher recent productivity growth. Our analysis suggests that, with access to an LLM, about 15%

L'intelligence artificielle (IA) est un « ensemble de théories et de techniques mises en œuvre en vue de réaliser des machines capables de simuler l'intelligence humaine ».