Jean-Baptiste Fressoz

Population mondiale : historique, évolution et projection

Le 4 juin dernier, le World Inequality Lab (WIL) a lancé le « Global Justice Project », un programme destiné à « stimuler la recherche, l’élaboration des politiques et l’engagement citoyen afin de façonner un 21ème siècle plus juste, plus démocratique et plus durable ». Pour l’heure, il prend la forme d’un rapport, A Plan for Equality & Prosperity Within Planetary Boundaries, qui prolonge sept working papers du WIL – près de 970 pages de travail scientifique. L’effort est colossal. Comme le résume l’un des co-auteurs de l’étude, l’économiste Lucas Chancel, spécialiste des inégalités (Insoutenables inégalités, 2021) et de l’énergie (Énergie et inégalités, 2025) : « 24 mois de travail, 45 chercheurs venus du monde entier, combinant les connaissances issues de l’économie, de l’histoire et des sciences du climat ». À l’échelle de l’histoire de la macroéconomie, c’est l’équivalent d’une pyramide.

Vendredi 26 juin, Jean-Marc Jancovici, ingénieur président de "The Shift Project", était l'invité du 20h de France 2.

Het KMI start het project 'Tales of Future Weather', dat klimaatwetenschap omzet naar concrete scenario’s van extreem weer zoals hitte, droogte en hevige neerslag. Zo worden de gevolgen van klimaatverandering tastbaar en kunnen we ons beter voorbereiden. Het project benadrukt dat burgers zelfredzamer moeten worden. "Er komt heel wat op ons af."

The Global Justice Project attempts to set out a new vision for global progress in the 21st century: grounding human development and equality in planetary habitability. It explores the conditions under which the world could move toward this horizon and traces an economically and ecologically consistent transition path from 2026 to 2100.

Projections of near-term climate change are a potential research tool. However, for that tool to be most useful, the physical basis for a prediction must be made clear. The basis for our projection of record 2026 global temperature is high climate sensitivity, with its implication that aerosol cooling was still increasing during the period 1970-2005. One consequence, global sea surface warming, already has important effects. Causes of climate change must be understood for policy purposes. Figures in this post and our recent papers are continually updated on our website.[1] We are also now on Substack[2].

Les scénarios socio-économiques et les niveaux de réchauffement planétaire qui en résultent structurent la compréhension des chaines de causalité entre les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, le contrôle de la pollution atmosphérique, les changements d’usage des terres, la réponse du système Terre, les facteurs climatiques générateurs d’impacts, l’exposition, la vulnérabilité, les réponses d’adaptation, et les risques liés au climat.

Current energy projections often envision an expansion of nuclear capacities to decarbonize future energy systems. However, this contrasts with the historic and current status of the nuclear industry, marked by techno-economic challenges for both light-water and non-light-water reactor technologies. Regardless, projections of strong nuclear growth have persisted since the 1970s. This paper investigates the “nuclear energy paradox” which shows the recurring divergence between historical projections and actual developments. A data compilation of long-term energy projections from international organizations such as the IAEA and the IEA as well as energy system models like GCAM and MESSAGE, as used in the IPCC, reveal a recurring pattern of high-growth projections for nuclear power. Such projections often rest on techno-economic assumptions such as substantial cost reductions. We propose the concept of nuclear imaginaries to show that these assumptions are embedded into techno-economic visions of nuclear power de

Climate models show considerable discrepancies in their future projections around the Atlantic, mainly due to uncertainties in the fate of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Climate models suggest a reduction in AMOC strength of 32 ± 37% by 2100 (90% probability, Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 2-4.5 scenario, Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6). To refine this estimate and reduce its uncertainty, we use four different observational constraint methods. The best one, which provides the lowest leave-one-out error, integrates a large set of observable variables using ridge-regularized linear regression—a method unusual in climate science. It gives an estimate of the AMOC slowdown of 51 ± 8% (90% probability), i.e., a weakening ∼ 60% stronger than suggested by the multimodel mean. This refinement mainly results from correcting a bias in South Atlantic surface salinity, consistent with recent studies emphasizing its role in the proximity to an AMOC tipping point. This more substantial

The Shift Project a publié mardi son "Plan robuste pour l'économie française", qui développe vingt "chantiers" grâce auxquels la France peut atteindre une neutralité carbone en 2050, selon le centre de réflexion. "Il y a 20 chantiers incontournables si on veut réussir la décarbonation de la France et il y a un certain nombre de conditions à aligner pour la réussir", a affirmé Clément Caudron, chef de projet "Stratégie de transition robuste" lors d'une conférence de presse.