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Purpose Animal emissions account for nearly 60% of total greenhouse gas emissions from the livestock sector. To estimate these emissions, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) developed a dedicated module within the Global Livestock Environmental Assessment Model (GLEAM). Although previous studies have explored selected inputs for specific animals and emission types, a comprehensive analysis of all 92 inputs (parameters and emission factors) had not been conducted. This study aimed to identify the most influential inputs affecting ruminant emissions in GLEAM.

We investigate the probabilities of triggering climate tipping points under five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and how they are altered by including the additional carbon emissions that could arise from tipping points within the Earth's carbon cycle. The crossing of a climate tipping point at a threshold level of global mean surface temperature (threshold temperature) would commit the affected subsystem of the Earth to abrupt and largely irreversible changes with negative impacts on human well-being. However, it remains unclear which tipping points would be triggered under the different SSPs due to uncertainties in the climate sensitivity to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, the threshold temperatures and timescales of climate tipping points, and the response of tipping points within the Earth's carbon cycle to global warming. We include those uncertainties in our analysis to derive probabilities of triggering for 16 previously identified climate tipping points within the Earth system.

The ocean ecosystem is a vital component of the global carbon cycle, storing enough carbon to keep atmospheric CO2 considerably lower than it would otherwise be. However, this conception is based on simple models, neglecting the coupled land-ocean feedback. Using an interactive Earth system model, we show that the role ocean biology plays in controlling atmospheric CO2 is more complex than previously thought. Atmospheric CO2 in a new equilibrium state after the biological pump is shut down increases by more than 50% (163 ppm), lower than expected as approximately half the carbon lost from the ocean is adsorbed by the land. The abiotic ocean is less capable of taking up anthropogenic carbon due to the warmer climate, an absent biological surface pCO2 deficit and a higher Revelle factor. Prioritizing research on and preserving marine ecosystem functioning would be crucial to mitigate climate change and the risks associated with it.

Previous health impact assessments of temperature-related mortality in Europe indicated that the mortality burden attributable to cold is much larger than for heat. Questions remain as to whether climate change can result in a net decrease in temperature-related mortality. In this study, we estimated how climate change could affect future heat-related and cold-related mortality in 854 European urban areas, under several climate, demographic and adaptation scenarios. We showed that, with no adaptation to heat, the increase in heat-related deaths consistently exceeds any decrease in cold-related deaths across all considered scenarios in Europe. Under the lowest mitigation and adaptation scenario (SSP3-7.0), we estimate a net death burden due to climate change increasing by 49.9% and cumulating 2,345,410 (95% confidence interval = 327,603 to 4,775,853) climate change-related deaths between 2015 and 2099. This net effect would remain positive even under high adaptation scenarios, whereby a risk attenuation of 50%

Atrazine is an herbicide widely used on plantations worldwide. Experimental studies suggest that the herbicide impairs male reproductive function in mammals. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of atrazine exposure on the levels of hormones from the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis using murine as the animal model. After an extensive literature search, we selected 25 articles for the systematic review.

L’élection de Donald Trump à la tête des États-Unis aura probablement un impact déterminant sur l’évolution de la lutte mondiale contre le changement climatique. Celui-ci ne cache pas en effet son ambition de libéraliser et développer le secteur des énergies fossiles, à rebours des recommandations des experts sur le climat....

Land degradation is a complex socio-environmental threat, which generally occurs as multiple concurrent pathways that remain largely unexplored in Europe. Here we present an unprecedented analysis of land multi-degradation in 40 continental countries, using twelve dataset-based processes that were modelled as land degradation convergence and combination pathways in Europe’s agricultural (and arable) environments. Using a Land Multi-degradation Index, we find that up to 27%, 35% and 22% of continental agricultural (~2 million km2) and arable (~1.1 million km2) lands are currently threatened by one, two, and three drivers of degradation, while 10–11% of pan-European agricultural/arable landscapes are cumulatively affected by four and at least five concurrent processes. We also explore the complex pattern of spatially interacting processes, emphasizing the major combinations of land degradation pathways across continental and national boundaries. Our results will enable policymakers to develop knowledge-based st

Taking into account all known factors, the planet warmed 0.2 °C more last year than climate scientists expected. More and better data are urgently needed. Taking into account all known factors, the planet warmed 0.2 °C more last year than climate scientists expected. More and better data are urgently needed.

Evidence shows a continuing increase in the frequency and severity of global heatwaves1,2, raising concerns about the future impacts of climate change and the associated socioeconomic costs3,4. Here we develop a disaster footprint analytical framework by integrating climate, epidemiological and hybrid input–output and computable general equilibrium global trade models to estimate the midcentury socioeconomic impacts of heat stress. We consider health costs related to heat exposure, the value of heat-induced labour productivity loss and indirect losses due to economic disruptions cascading through supply chains. Here we show that the global annual incremental gross domestic product loss increases exponentially from 0.03 ± 0.01 (SSP 245)–0.05 ± 0.03 (SSP 585) percentage points during 2030–2040 to 0.05 ± 0.01–0.15 ± 0.04 percentage points during 2050–2060. By 2060, the expected global economic losses reach a total of 0.6–4.6% with losses attributed to health loss (37–45%), labour productivity loss (18–37%) and i

L'Ademe publie le résultat d'une enquête sur nos habitudes de consommation, et tout ce qui fait notre quotidien y passe : déplacements, logement, achats, alimentation, etc, avec 256 pages de résultats détaillés

Mode d'emploi de la page du projet juin2024.eu

Des facteurs conjoncturels (inflation, guerre en Ukraine, crise énergétique, etc.) associés à l'urgence climatique conduisent à questionner la perspective d’une exigence de sobriété qui s’étendrait au-delà de l’énergie, de l’eau ou encore du foncier. En donnant écho aux expériences des entreprises qui explorent cette sobriété sur leur chaîne de valeur et en sollicitant un champ diversifié de sources et de connaissances, cette étude prospective se veut une contribution objective à la recherche de solutions pragmatiques par les entreprises dans leur quête de soutenabilité.

Simultaneous harvest failures across major crop-producing regions are a threat to global food security. Concurrent weather extremes driven by a strongly meandering jet stream could trigger such events, but so far this has not been quantified. Specifically, the ability of state-of-the art crop and climate models to adequately reproduce such high impact events is a crucial component for estimating risks to global food security. Here we find an increased likelihood of concurrent low yields during summers featuring meandering jets in observations and models. While climate models accurately simulate atmospheric patterns, associated surface weather anomalies and negative effects on crop responses are mostly underestimated in bias-adjusted simulations. Given the identified model biases, future assessments of regional and concurrent crop losses from meandering jet states remain highly uncertain. Our results suggest that model-blind spots for such high-impact but deeply-uncertain hazards have to be anticipated and acc

La voiture, technologie révolutionnaire du siècle dernier permettant de se déplacer plus loin, plus facilement et plus confortablement, fait aujourd’hui l’objet de critiques, notamment pour sa contribution au réchauffement climatique. En effet, en France, les voitures sont responsables de 53% des émissions du transport, soit 17% des émissions de gaz à effet de serre totales[1]. La principale solution évoquée pour y pallier est l’électrification du véhicule : l’interdiction de la vente de la quasi-totalité des voiture thermiques neuves a d’ailleurs été votée par l’Union Européenne pour 2035. Si cette solution est en effet nécessaire, est-elle suffisante pour faire face aux défis du développement durable ?

We investigate the potential implications of large language models (LLMs), such as Generative Pretrained Transformers (GPTs), on the U.S. labor market, focusing on the increased capabilities arising from LLM-powered software compared to LLMs on their own. Using a new rubric, we assess occupations based on their alignment with LLM capabilities, integrating both human expertise and GPT-4 classifications. Our findings reveal that around 80% of the U.S. workforce could have at least 10% of their work tasks affected by the introduction of LLMs, while approximately 19% of workers may see at least 50% of their tasks impacted. We do not make predictions about the development or adoption timeline of such LLMs. The projected effects span all wage levels, with higher-income jobs potentially facing greater exposure to LLM capabilities and LLM-powered software. Significantly, these impacts are not restricted to industries with higher recent productivity growth. Our analysis suggests that, with access to an LLM, about 15%

Une innovation low-tech ? Quel est cet étrange oxymore ? Faut-il retourner à la bougie ou à l’âge des cavernes au lieu de miser sur le progrès technologique ? Certes, le low-tech ne fait pas rêver comme le high-tech et ses applications futuristes. Et pourtant, si c’était là que se situait la vraie modernité et le courage d’innover ?

Comment mener des projets qui respectent les équilibres écologiques et sociaux, et assurent la viabilité des politiques territoriales ? Comment sortir des projets cloisonnés et appréhender notre environnement dans toute sa complexité ? Comment garantir un "espace sûr et juste" pour l’humanité ?De plus en plus mobilisées, "les limites planétaires" offrent un nouveau cadre d’analyse et d’action pour répondre à l’urgence d’un changement de nos méthodes

nul n’ignore tout à fait le terme de « collapsologie 8 ». Sa portée médiatique aujourd’hui d’ailleurs est telle que bon nombres d’enjeux qui s’y rapportent sont passés dans l’opinion publique. Un sondage IFOP réalisé pour la Fondation Jean Jaurès en novembre 2019, révèle 9 , par exemple, que 65 % des Français indiquent être d’accord avec l’assertion selon laquelle « la civilisation telle que nous la connaissons actuellement va s’effondrer dans les années à venir », et 35% estiment qu’il pourrait intervenir à vingt ans. Cette théorie et tout l’imaginaire qui s’y rapporte se sont ainsi littéralement introduits dans la société, trouvant des relais de plus en plus nombreux dans les médias et sur les réseaux sociaux...

Notion ancienne mais plus que jamais d'actualité, la « sobriété » n'a pas une définition figée et regroupe des réalités multiples à travers des démarches de frugalité, simplicité, zéro-gaspillage, efficacité, sobriété énergétique, ou encore de déconsommation. Le dénominateur commun de ces diverses approches est la recherche de modération dans la production et la consommation de produits, de matières, ou d'énergie. Dans son application, indépendamment du vocabulaire employé, la sobriété se développe sur un continuum entre deux grandes approches : une approche institutionnalisée depuis quelques années, centrée sur la recherche d'efficacité et compatible avec la poursuite de la croissance économique grâce au découplage de ses impacts, une approche émergeant dans des mouvements citoyens, centrée sur une transformation plus profonde des pratiques individuelles et des modes de vie. Pour chaque approche, des propositions existent à plusieurs échelles d'organisations socio-économiques et au niveau individuel.

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