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We propose a new paradigm, as toxicology currently lacks the proper perspective. From the 1950s to the 1970s, at least one-third of all toxicological testing in the United States, including for chemicals and drugs, was misleading scientists, and this worldwide issue persists today. Moreover, petroleum-based waste and heavy metals have been discovered in pesticide and plasticizer formulations. These contaminations have now reached all forms of life. Widespread exposure to chemical mixtures promotes health and environmental risks. We discovered that pesticides have never undergone long-term testing on mammals in their full commercial formulations by regulatory authorities or the pesticide industry; instead, only their declared active ingredients have been assessed, contrary to environmental law recommendations. The ingredients of these formulations are not fully disclosed, yet the formulations are in general at least 1000 times more toxic at low environmentally relevant doses than the active ingredients alone u

We are hurtling toward climate chaos. The planet's vital signs are flashing red. The consequences of human-driven alterations of the climate are no longer future threats but are here now. This unfolding emergency stems from failed foresight, political inaction, unsustainable economic systems, and misinformation. Almost every corner of the biosphere is reeling from intensifying heat, storms, floods, droughts, or fires. The window to prevent the worst outcomes is rapidly closing. In early 2025, the World Meteorological Organization reported that 2024 was the hottest year on record (WMO 2025a). This was likely hotter than the peak of the last interglacial, roughly 125,000 years ago (Gulev et al. 2021, Kaufman and McKay 2022). Rising levels of greenhouse gases remain the driving force behind this escalation. These recent developments emphasize the extreme insufficiency of global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mark the beginning of a grim new chapter for life on Earth.

Première école supérieure dédiée à l’agriculture biologique et à l’agroécologie bio.

Purpose Animal emissions account for nearly 60% of total greenhouse gas emissions from the livestock sector. To estimate these emissions, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) developed a dedicated module within the Global Livestock Environmental Assessment Model (GLEAM). Although previous studies have explored selected inputs for specific animals and emission types, a comprehensive analysis of all 92 inputs (parameters and emission factors) had not been conducted. This study aimed to identify the most influential inputs affecting ruminant emissions in GLEAM.

sur la non-conformité à la Constitution de la loi visant à lever les contraintes à l’exercice du métier d’agriculteur

Critical minerals, which are essential for a range of energy technologies and for the broader economy, have become a major focus in global policy and trade discussions. Price volatility, supply chain bottlenecks and geopolitical concerns make the regular monitoring of their supply and demand extremely vital.

The ocean ecosystem is a vital component of the global carbon cycle, storing enough carbon to keep atmospheric CO2 considerably lower than it would otherwise be. However, this conception is based on simple models, neglecting the coupled land-ocean feedback. Using an interactive Earth system model, we show that the role ocean biology plays in controlling atmospheric CO2 is more complex than previously thought. Atmospheric CO2 in a new equilibrium state after the biological pump is shut down increases by more than 50% (163 ppm), lower than expected as approximately half the carbon lost from the ocean is adsorbed by the land. The abiotic ocean is less capable of taking up anthropogenic carbon due to the warmer climate, an absent biological surface pCO2 deficit and a higher Revelle factor. Prioritizing research on and preserving marine ecosystem functioning would be crucial to mitigate climate change and the risks associated with it.

Atrazine is an herbicide widely used on plantations worldwide. Experimental studies suggest that the herbicide impairs male reproductive function in mammals. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of atrazine exposure on the levels of hormones from the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis using murine as the animal model. After an extensive literature search, we selected 25 articles for the systematic review.

Abstract. We review how the international modelling community, encompassing integrated assessment models, global and regional Earth system and climate models, and impact models, has worked together over the past few decades to advance understanding of Earth system change and its impacts on society and the environment and thereby support international climate policy. We go on to recommend a number of priority research areas for the coming decade, a timescale that encompasses a number of newly starting international modelling activities, as well as the IPCC Seventh Assessment Report (AR7) and the second UNFCCC Global Stocktake. Progress in these priority areas will significantly advance our understanding of Earth system change and its impacts, increasing the quality and utility of science support to climate policy. We emphasize the need for continued improvement in our understanding of, and ability to simulate, the coupled Earth system and the impacts of Earth system change. There is an urgent need to investiga

Superphénix (SPX) est un ancien réacteur nucléaire définitivement arrêté en 1997, situé dans l'ex-centrale nucléaire de Creys-Malville, en bordure du Rhône, à 30 km en amont de la centrale nucléaire du Bugey. Il était à l'origine un prototype de réacteur à neutrons rapides à caloporteur sodium faisant suite aux réacteurs nucléaires expérimentaux Phénix et Rapsodie. En 1976, un ancien ingénieur d'EDF, Jean-Pierre Pharabod, déclare qu’« il n'est pas déraisonnable de penser qu'un grave accident survenant à Superphénix pourrait tuer plus d'un million de personnes »

Evidence shows a continuing increase in the frequency and severity of global heatwaves1,2, raising concerns about the future impacts of climate change and the associated socioeconomic costs3,4. Here we develop a disaster footprint analytical framework by integrating climate, epidemiological and hybrid input–output and computable general equilibrium global trade models to estimate the midcentury socioeconomic impacts of heat stress. We consider health costs related to heat exposure, the value of heat-induced labour productivity loss and indirect losses due to economic disruptions cascading through supply chains. Here we show that the global annual incremental gross domestic product loss increases exponentially from 0.03 ± 0.01 (SSP 245)–0.05 ± 0.03 (SSP 585) percentage points during 2030–2040 to 0.05 ± 0.01–0.15 ± 0.04 percentage points during 2050–2060. By 2060, the expected global economic losses reach a total of 0.6–4.6% with losses attributed to health loss (37–45%), labour productivity loss (18–37%) and i

Mitigating climate change necessitates global cooperation, yet global data on individuals’ willingness to act remain scarce. In this study, we conducted a representative survey across 125 countries, interviewing nearly 130,000 individuals. Our findings reveal widespread support for climate action. Notably, 69% of the global population expresses a willingness to contribute 1% of their personal income, 86% endorse pro-climate social norms and 89% demand intensified political action. Countries facing heightened vulnerability to climate change show a particularly high willingness to contribute. Despite these encouraging statistics, we document that the world is in a state of pluralistic ignorance, wherein individuals around the globe systematically underestimate the willingness of their fellow citizens to act. This perception gap, combined with individuals showing conditionally cooperative behaviour, poses challenges to further climate action. Therefore, raising awareness about the broad global support for climat

GIEC rapport - Changements climatique 2021 - rapport technique du 6ème rapport du GIEC du groupe 1 - en français

Background Scientists have raised concerns about whether high-income countries, with their high per-capita CO2 emissions, can decarbonise fast enough to meet their obligations under the Paris Agreement if they continue to pursue aggregate economic growth. Over the past decade, some countries have reduced their CO2 emissions while increasing their gross domestic product (absolute decoupling). Politicians and media have hailed this as green growth. In this empirical study, we aimed to assess whether these achievements are consistent with the Paris Agreement, and whether Paris-compliant decoupling is within reach.

Mémoire de Fin d'Études présenté par DUPONT, Victor-Henry en vue de l'obtention du grade académique de Master en Sciences et Gestion de l'Environnement Finalité Gestion de l’Environnement M-ENVIG Année Académique : 2022-2023

Terrestrial ecosystems have taken up about 32% of the total anthropogenic CO2 emissions in the past six decades1. Large uncertainties in terrestrial carbon–climate feedbacks, however, make it difficult to predict how the land carbon sink will respond to future climate change2. Interannual variations in the atmospheric CO2 growth rate (CGR) are dominated by land–atmosphere carbon fluxes in the tropics, providing an opportunity to explore land carbon–climate interactions3–6. It is thought that variations in CGR are largely controlled by temperature7–10 but there is also evidence for a tight coupling between water availability and CGR11. Here, we use a record of global atmospheric CO2, terrestrial water storage and precipitation data to investigate changes in the interannual relationship between tropical land climate conditions and CGR under a changing climate. We find that the interannual relationship between tropical water availability and CGR became increasingly negative during 1989–2018 compared to 1960–1989

Disposition des Québécoises et des Québécois envers les défis climatiques

La Niña is present.* Equatorial sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are below average across most of the Pacific Ocean. The tropical Pacific atmosphere is consistent with La Niña. La Niña is expected to continue into the winter, with equal chances of La Niña and ENSO-neutral during January-March 2023. In February-April 2023, there is a 71% chance of ENSO-neutral.*

Cette semaine il s’est passé une chose dans l’actualité climatique française qui mérite de s’y attarder, au vu des incompréhensions et des controverses suscitées. L’info en question : la stratégie d’adaptation au changement climatique de la France va désormais s’appuyer aussi sur l’hypothèse d’un réchauffement de + 4°C (semble-t-il en France même si cela n’a pas été précisé) d'ici la fin du siècle... ce qui correspondrait à un

Cette semaine il s’est passé une chose dans l’actualité climatique française qui mérite de s’y attarder, au vu des incompréhensions et des controverses suscitées. L’info en question : la stratégie d’adaptation au changement climatique de la France va désormais s’appuyer aussi sur l’hypothèse d’un réchauffement de + 4°C (semble-t-il en France même si cela n’a pas été précisé) d'ici la fin du siècle... ce qui correspondrait à un

Les résumés pour décideurs des rapports des trois groupes du Giec énoncent un certain nombre d’assertions organisées par sections. Chaque assertion est (...)

Le Shift publie son nouveau rapport rapport sur l'intégration des enjeux écologiques dans les formations de l'enseignement supérieur : « ClimatSup Business : Former les acteurs de l'économie de demain ».

Atmospheric soot loadings from nuclear weapon detonation would cause disruptions to the Earth’s climate, limiting terrestrial and aquatic food production. Here, we use climate, crop and fishery models to estimate the impacts arising from six scenarios of stratospheric soot injection, predicting the total food calories available in each nation post-war after stored food is consumed. In quantifying impacts away from target areas, we demonstrate that soot injections larger than 5 Tg would lead to mass food shortages, and livestock and aquatic food production would be unable to compensate for reduced crop output, in almost all countries. Adaptation measures such as food waste reduction would have limited impact on increasing available calories. We estimate more than 2 billion people could die from nuclear war between India and Pakistan, and more than 5 billion could die from a war between the United States and Russia—underlining the importance of global cooperation in preventing nuclear war.

Début avril est paru le rapport du troisième groupe de travail du GIEC portant sur les scénarios de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, pour limiter le changement climatique, autrement dit, les moyens d’action. Hélène Chauviré et Louise Badoche de Carbone 4 en ont proposé récemment une synthèse des points clés [1].

Synthèse vulgarisée du résumé aux décideurs du groupe de travail III de l’AR6

The Working Group III report provides an updated global assessment of climate change mitigation progress and pledges, and examines the sources of global emissions. It explains developments in emission reduction and mitigation efforts, assessing the impact of national climate pledges in relation to long-term emissions goals.

The Working Group III report provides an updated global assessment of climate change mitigation progress and pledges, and examines the sources of global emissions. It explains developments in emission reduction and mitigation efforts, assessing the impact of national climate pledges in relation to long-term emissions goals.

The IPCC has finalized the second part of the Sixth Assessment Report, Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, the Working Group II contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report. It was finalized on 27 February 2022 during the 12th Session of Working Group II and 55th Session of the IPCC. Read the report here

Le sixième rapport d'évaluation (RE6) du Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat (GIEC) des Nations unies s'inscrit dans une série de rapports destinés à évaluer et synthétiser les informations scientifiques, techniques et socio-économiques relatives au réchauffement climatique. Il conclura le « sixième cycle d’évaluation du climat » effectué par le GIEC1, décidé à sa 41e session (février 2015)2.

The Working Group II contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report assesses the impacts of climate change, looking at ecosystems, biodiversity, and human communities at global and regional levels. It also reviews vulnerabilities and the capacities and limits of the natural world and human societies to adapt to climate change.

The Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report addresses the most up-to-date physical understanding of the climate system and climate change, bringing together the latest advances in climate science, and combining multiple lines of evidence from paleoclimate, observations, process understanding, and global and regional climate simulations.

Ce document est issu de l’ISAE-SUPAERO, une école d’ingénieurs française spécialisée dans le secteur aéronautique et spatial. Il s’agit du résumé d’un rapport plus complet intitulé Référentiel ISAE-SUPAERO Aviation et Climat, qui a pour vocation de fournir des éléments scientifiques utiles à la compréhension des enjeux sur l’aviation et le climat. Ce résumé en reprend les principaux résultats et conclusions.

Le terme « découplage » est habituellement utilisé pour désigner la possibilité d’une croissance économique, mesurée par une hausse du PIB, qui a lieu de manière simultanée à une baisse des consommations de ressources et des impacts environnementaux.

Le GIEC (Groupe d'experts Intergouvernemental sur l'Évolution du Climat) est une organisation regroupant 195 États membres de l’ONU dont l’objectif est de faire régulièrement un état des lieux sans parti pris des connaissances scientifiques les plus avancées sur le climat. Il réunit des milliers d’experts volontaires du monde entier pour évaluer, analyser et synthétiser les nombreuses études scientifiques sur le sujet.

The Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report addresses the most up-to-date physical understanding of the climate system and climate change, bringing together the latest advances in climate science, and combining multiple lines of evidence from paleoclimate, observations, process understanding, and global and regional climate simulations.

Het Klimaatpanel van de Verenigde Naties (IPCC) heeft het eerste deel van zijn zesde evaluatierapport (Assessment Report 6 - Working Group 1: De wetenschappelijke basis van klimaatverandering) gepubliceerd. Dit rapport, waarvan de redactie in 2017-2018 opstartte, bundelt de meest recente en uitgebreide wetenschappelijke kennis over het klimaatsysteem en de klimaatverandering tot nu toe. Het vorige rapport van dit type dateert van 2013-2014.

The Summary for Policymakers (SPM) is the approved version from the 14th session of Working Group I and 54th Session of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and remains subject to final copy-editing and layout.

In the 1972 bestseller Limits to Growth(LtG), the authors concluded that if humanity kept pursuing economic growth without regard for environmental and socialcosts, global society would experience as harpdecline(i.e.,collapse) in economic, social, and environmental conditions within thetwenty-firstcentury.

SI vous vous êtes déjà demandé quel était le lien entre la montée du niveau des océans et le changement climatique, nous espérons que cette planche vous aidera à y voir plus clair. Nous avons bénéficié de l'aide d'Anny Cazenave, chercheuse CNES au LEGOS (Laboratoire d'études en géophysique et océanographie spatiales), membre de l’Académie des sciences et l’un des principaux auteurs du chapitre « Élévation du niveau de la mer » du 5e rapport du Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat (GIEC).

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