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Nonylphenol is a toxic xenobiotic compound classified as an endocrine disrupter capable of interfering with the hormonal system of numerous organisms. It originates principally from the degradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates which are widely used as industrial surfactants. Nonylphenol ethoxylates reach sewage treatment works in substantial quantities where they biodegrade into several by-products including nonylphenol. Due to its physical–chemical characteristics, such as low solubility and high hydrophobicity, nonylphenol accumulates in environmental compartments that are characterised by high organic content, typically sewage sludge and river sediments, where it persists.

Cette nouvelle étude du Forum Vies Mobiles analyse le coût global du système voiture en France, sur la base des chiffres les plus récents portant sur l’année 2023. Ce travail, réalisé avec le Laboratoire Economie Aménagement Transport (LAET) de Lyon, prend en compte non seulement les dépenses directes des usagers (ménages, entreprises, administrations), mais aussi les coûts supportés par la puissance publique et la société, incluant les externalités négatives telles que la pollution de l’air, le CO2 ou les accidents. L’objectif est d’identifier les différents postes de dépense liés à la voiture et de les quantifier, afin de proposer un panorama complet et inédit des coûts associés à l’automobile.

We investigate the probabilities of triggering climate tipping points under five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and how they are altered by including the additional carbon emissions that could arise from tipping points within the Earth's carbon cycle. The crossing of a climate tipping point at a threshold level of global mean surface temperature (threshold temperature) would commit the affected subsystem of the Earth to abrupt and largely irreversible changes with negative impacts on human well-being. However, it remains unclear which tipping points would be triggered under the different SSPs due to uncertainties in the climate sensitivity to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, the threshold temperatures and timescales of climate tipping points, and the response of tipping points within the Earth's carbon cycle to global warming. We include those uncertainties in our analysis to derive probabilities of triggering for 16 previously identified climate tipping points within the Earth system.

The ocean ecosystem is a vital component of the global carbon cycle, storing enough carbon to keep atmospheric CO2 considerably lower than it would otherwise be. However, this conception is based on simple models, neglecting the coupled land-ocean feedback. Using an interactive Earth system model, we show that the role ocean biology plays in controlling atmospheric CO2 is more complex than previously thought. Atmospheric CO2 in a new equilibrium state after the biological pump is shut down increases by more than 50% (163 ppm), lower than expected as approximately half the carbon lost from the ocean is adsorbed by the land. The abiotic ocean is less capable of taking up anthropogenic carbon due to the warmer climate, an absent biological surface pCO2 deficit and a higher Revelle factor. Prioritizing research on and preserving marine ecosystem functioning would be crucial to mitigate climate change and the risks associated with it.

Le rapport 2025 sur les états de fragilité se penche sur un monde marqué par des rapports de force en pleine recomposition : c’est dans les 61 contextes présentant un degré élevé ou extrême de fragilité que les effets les plus dramatiques des crises, des conflits et de l’instabilité trouvent leur point de convergence. La fragilité multidimensionnelle est en effet au cœur d’évolutions géopolitiques qui mettent à mal des décennies d’équilibre des forces à l’échelle mondiale ; tant les défis que les possibilités qu’elle apporte appellent une réflexion approfondie et une adaptation rapide de l’ensemble des sphères de l’action humanitaire, du développement et de la paix.

Atrazine is an herbicide widely used on plantations worldwide. Experimental studies suggest that the herbicide impairs male reproductive function in mammals. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of atrazine exposure on the levels of hormones from the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis using murine as the animal model. After an extensive literature search, we selected 25 articles for the systematic review.

Abstract. We review how the international modelling community, encompassing integrated assessment models, global and regional Earth system and climate models, and impact models, has worked together over the past few decades to advance understanding of Earth system change and its impacts on society and the environment and thereby support international climate policy. We go on to recommend a number of priority research areas for the coming decade, a timescale that encompasses a number of newly starting international modelling activities, as well as the IPCC Seventh Assessment Report (AR7) and the second UNFCCC Global Stocktake. Progress in these priority areas will significantly advance our understanding of Earth system change and its impacts, increasing the quality and utility of science support to climate policy. We emphasize the need for continued improvement in our understanding of, and ability to simulate, the coupled Earth system and the impacts of Earth system change. There is an urgent need to investiga

Under current emission trajectories, temporarily overshooting the Paris global warming limit of 1.5 °C is a distinct possibility. Permanently exceeding this limit would substantially increase the probability of triggering climate tipping elements. Here, we investigate the tipping risks associated with several policy-relevant future emission scenarios, using a stylised Earth system model of four interconnected climate tipping elements.

Evidence shows a continuing increase in the frequency and severity of global heatwaves1,2, raising concerns about the future impacts of climate change and the associated socioeconomic costs3,4. Here we develop a disaster footprint analytical framework by integrating climate, epidemiological and hybrid input–output and computable general equilibrium global trade models to estimate the midcentury socioeconomic impacts of heat stress. We consider health costs related to heat exposure, the value of heat-induced labour productivity loss and indirect losses due to economic disruptions cascading through supply chains. Here we show that the global annual incremental gross domestic product loss increases exponentially from 0.03 ± 0.01 (SSP 245)–0.05 ± 0.03 (SSP 585) percentage points during 2030–2040 to 0.05 ± 0.01–0.15 ± 0.04 percentage points during 2050–2060. By 2060, the expected global economic losses reach a total of 0.6–4.6% with losses attributed to health loss (37–45%), labour productivity loss (18–37%) and i

Anthropogenic emissions drive global-scale warming yet the temperature increase relative to pre-industrial levels is uncertain. Using 300 years of ocean mixed-layer temperature records preserved in sclerosponge carbonate skeletons, we demonstrate that industrial-era warming began in the mid-1860s, more than 80 years earlier than instrumental sea surface temperature records. The Sr/Ca palaeothermometer was calibrated against ‘modern’ (post-1963) highly correlated (R2 = 0.91) instrumental records of global sea surface temperatures, with the pre-industrial defined by nearly constant (<±0.1 °C) temperatures from 1700 to the early 1860s. Increasing ocean and land-air temperatures overlap until the late twentieth century, when the land began warming at nearly twice the rate of the surface oceans. Hotter land temperatures, together with the earlier onset of industrial-era warming, indicate that global warming was already 1.7 ± 0.1 °C above pre-industrial levels by 2020. Our result is 0.5 °C higher than IPCC estim

Organisme indépendant chargé d'évaluer la mise en œuvre des politiques et mesures publiques pour réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre de la France.

Simultaneous harvest failures across major crop-producing regions are a threat to global food security. Concurrent weather extremes driven by a strongly meandering jet stream could trigger such events, but so far this has not been quantified. Specifically, the ability of state-of-the art crop and climate models to adequately reproduce such high impact events is a crucial component for estimating risks to global food security. Here we find an increased likelihood of concurrent low yields during summers featuring meandering jets in observations and models. While climate models accurately simulate atmospheric patterns, associated surface weather anomalies and negative effects on crop responses are mostly underestimated in bias-adjusted simulations. Given the identified model biases, future assessments of regional and concurrent crop losses from meandering jet states remain highly uncertain. Our results suggest that model-blind spots for such high-impact but deeply-uncertain hazards have to be anticipated and acc

Terrestrial ecosystems have taken up about 32% of the total anthropogenic CO2 emissions in the past six decades1. Large uncertainties in terrestrial carbon–climate feedbacks, however, make it difficult to predict how the land carbon sink will respond to future climate change2. Interannual variations in the atmospheric CO2 growth rate (CGR) are dominated by land–atmosphere carbon fluxes in the tropics, providing an opportunity to explore land carbon–climate interactions3–6. It is thought that variations in CGR are largely controlled by temperature7–10 but there is also evidence for a tight coupling between water availability and CGR11. Here, we use a record of global atmospheric CO2, terrestrial water storage and precipitation data to investigate changes in the interannual relationship between tropical land climate conditions and CGR under a changing climate. We find that the interannual relationship between tropical water availability and CGR became increasingly negative during 1989–2018 compared to 1960–1989

The stability and resilience of the Earth system and human well-being are inseparably linked1–3, yet their interdependencies are generally under-recognized; consequently, they are often treated independently4,5. Here, we use modelling and literature assessment to quantify safe and just Earth system boundaries (ESBs) for climate, the biosphere, water and nutrient cycles, and aerosols at global and subglobal scales. We propose ESBs for maintaining the resilience and stability of the Earth system (safe ESBs) and minimizing exposure to significant harm to humans from Earth system change (a necessary but not sufficient condition for justice)4. The stricter of the safe or just boundaries sets the integrated safe and just ESB. Our findings show that justice considerations constrain the integrated ESBs more than safety considerations for climate and atmospheric aerosol loading. Seven of eight globally quantified safe and just ESBs and at least two regional safe and just ESBs in over half of global land area are alrea

Nous avons le plaisir de vous présenter notre nouvelle note d’analyse : « Planifier la décarbonation du système numérique en France : cahier des charges ». Elle fait suite à la participation du Shift Project aux groupes de travail lancés par le Haut Comité du Numérique Ecoresponsable (HCNE) pour proposer une feuille de route de décarbonation du numérique. Cette participation a inspiré des réflexions que nous souhaitons soumettre au débat public.

L'histoire d'une course technologique fatale contre le thon et la vie marine

La Niña is present.* Equatorial sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are below average across most of the Pacific Ocean. The tropical Pacific atmosphere is consistent with La Niña. La Niña is expected to continue into the winter, with equal chances of La Niña and ENSO-neutral during January-March 2023. In February-April 2023, there is a 71% chance of ENSO-neutral.*

Les douze leviers pour intervenir dans un système ont été proposés par la scientifique et analyste des systèmes américaine Donella Meadows au sujet des limites environnementales à la croissance économique.

The summary for policymakers (SPM) and the chapters of the Methodological assessment regarding the diverse conceptualization of multiple values of nature and its benefits, including biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services (referred to as the “assessment of the diverse values and valuation of nature”), were approved and accepted respectively by the IPBES Plenary during its ninth session, held from 3 to 9 July 2022 in Bonn, Germany. The background of this assessment dates to 2013, when at its second session (IPBES 2) in Antalya, Turkey, the IPBES Plenary approved the initiation of scoping for a methodological assessment. During the third session of the IPBES plenary, in Bonn, Germany in 2015, the expert group established for scoping the methodological assessment and developing a preliminary guide, was requested to revise the scoping report for the methodological assessment based on comments received following an open review by Governments and stakeholders. At IPBES 4, in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 2016

Ember modelling of least-cost power system pathways reveals that a clean power system (70-80% wind and solar) by 2035 should be at the core of energy planning for a net-zero continent by mid-century.

Dans le cadre du programme Ecophyto II+, les ministères en charge de la transition écologique, de l’agriculture et de la recherche ont confié en 2020 à INRAE et l’Ifremer le pilotage d’une expertise scientifique collective sur les impacts de ces produits sur la biodiversité et les services écosystémiques, depuis leurs zones d’épandage jusqu’au milieu marin, en France métropolitaine et en Outre-Mer. Les conclusions de cette expertise, présentées ce 5 mai lors d’un colloque public, confirment que l’ensemble des milieux terrestres, aquatiques et marins – notamment côtiers – sont contaminés par les produits phytopharmaceutiques. Des impacts directs et indirects de ces substances sont également avérés sur les écosystèmes et les populations d’organismes terrestres, aquatiques et marins. La contamination tend néanmoins à diminuer pour les substances interdites depuis plusieurs années. Ces travaux mettent aussi en avant des besoins de recherche complémentaires pour mieux quantifier l’impact de ces produits sur l’envi

Satisfying the increased demand for food is placing pressure on the world’s water, land and soil resources. Agriculture has its part to play in alleviating these pressures and contributing positively to climate and development goals. Sustainable agricultural practices can lead to direct improvements in the state of land, soil and water, and generate ecosystem benefits as well as reduce emissions from land. Accomplishing all these requires accurate information and a major change in how we manage the resources. It also requires complementing efforts from outside the natural resources management domain to maximize synergies and manage trade-offs.

Comment tout peut s’effondrer : petit manuel de collapsologie à l’usage des générations présentes est un essai co-écrit par Pablo Servigne ingénieur agronome, docteur en biologie et Raphaël Stevens expert en résilience des systèmes socioécologiques, édité en avril 20151. Les auteurs analysent, sans concession, les ressorts d’un possible effondrement de notre civilisation thermo-industrielle.

Plateforme Wallonne / GIEC - Septembre 2021 - n°22 Les émissions associées à l’alimentation représentent de l’ordre de 1/4 à 1/3 des émissions de gaz à effet de serre mondiales. Le premier article de cette Lettre synthétise les connaissances à propos de l’origine de ces émissions et des moyens de les réduire. Comme la stratégie que s’est fixée l’Union européenne sous le titre « De la ferme à la table », nous avons tenté d’aborder l’ensemble des systèmes alimentaires, de la production à la consommation.

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Sommaire – système Terre et analyse des risques systémiques

nul n’ignore tout à fait le terme de « collapsologie 8 ». Sa portée médiatique aujourd’hui d’ailleurs est telle que bon nombres d’enjeux qui s’y rapportent sont passés dans l’opinion publique. Un sondage IFOP réalisé pour la Fondation Jean Jaurès en novembre 2019, révèle 9 , par exemple, que 65 % des Français indiquent être d’accord avec l’assertion selon laquelle « la civilisation telle que nous la connaissons actuellement va s’effondrer dans les années à venir », et 35% estiment qu’il pourrait intervenir à vingt ans. Cette théorie et tout l’imaginaire qui s’y rapporte se sont ainsi littéralement introduits dans la société, trouvant des relais de plus en plus nombreux dans les médias et sur les réseaux sociaux...

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Mais pourquoi des états dits “organisés” de la matière apparaissent-ils ?

En effet, dans la théorie de la résilience, une transformation est envisagée lorsque les structures écologique, économique ou sociale d’un système ne sont pas tenables. Pour qu’un réel changement de paradigme s’opère, il faut ensuite définir de nouvelles fondations qui rendent le système plus durable et résilient. Il est proposé d’utiliser des principes généraux pour cadrer ce paradigme. En confrontant et comparant des indicateurs de résilience des systèmes socio-écologiques et les principes fondamentaux de l'agroécologie et de la permaculture, ce travail fait émerger un cadre de principes pour définir de nouveaux systèmes alimentaires.

Les États de l’Union européenne ont jeté l’éponge : leur industrie électrique fragilisée par la transition énergétique est de moins en moins apte à alimenter les fonderies d’aluminium.

Les perturbations physiologiques des plantes sont variées et sont observables, selon la nature du polluant, sur des zones plus ou moins étendues qui vont de l’échelle locale jusqu’à l’ensemble de la planète. Ces réponses vont immédiatement se répercuter sur le fonctionnement des écosystèmes et en particulier sur les relations plantes-insectes. Elles peuvent aussi avoir des effets sur la santé humaine, les végétaux étant à l’origine de nombreuses chaines alimentaires.

Aujourd’hui reconnue comme une discipline essentielle, l’agroécologie est hissée par les milieux scientifiques au premier rang des solutions face au changement climatique. L’agroécologie respecte les écosystèmes naturels et intègre les dimensions économiques, sociales et politiques de la vie humaine. Elle conçoit une approche globale qui concilie agriculture, écologie, productivité, activité humaine et biodiversité.

Freshwater availability is changing worldwide. Here we quantify 34 trends in terrestrial water storage observed by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites during 2002–2016 and categorize their drivers as natural interannual variability, unsustainable groundwater consumption, climate change or combinations thereof. Several of these trends had been lacking thorough investigation and attribution, including massive changes in northwestern China and the Okavango Delta. Others are consistent with climate model predictions. This observation-based assessment of how the world’s water landscape is responding to human impacts and climate variations provides a blueprint for evaluating and predicting emerging threats to water and food security. Analysis of 2002–2016 GRACE satellite observations of terrestrial water storage reveals substantial changes in freshwater resources globally, which are driven by natural and anthropogenic climate variability and human activities.

La pollution lumineuse est un phénomène associé à l’utilisation des éclairages artificiels par l’être humain. De fait, elle altère les cycles naturels de la lumière et modifie l’illumination de l’environnement. A travers cet article, nous considèrerons l’origine et l’étendue de la pollution lumineuse, ses impacts sur les organismes vivants et les écosystèmes, ainsi que les mécanismes biologiques impliqués.