Veille 2.1

Pour analyser les énormes volumes de données, notamment ceux générés par les nombreux capteurs qui peuplent désormais nos vies – du lave-vaisselle à la voiture, sans parler de nos téléphones –, on les envoie sur le cloud. Pour permettre des calculs plus rapides et plus sécurisés, l’edge computing se développe. Son pendant IA est l’edge AI (en anglais), une manière de faire de l’IA sans recourir au cloud. Explications d’un spécialiste.

Je dis toujours que les modèles ne sont pas des prédictions, mais des illustrations qualitatives de ce que pourrait être l’avenir. Cependant, à mesure que l’avenir se rapproche du présent, les modèles peuvent commencer à être considérés comme des outils prédictifs. Il s’agit de la dichotomie entre météo et climat, si habilement exploitée par les politiciens pour semer la confusion dans les débats sur le climat. À l’heure actuelle, nous nous rapprochons du point où nous pourrions prévoir un effondrement de la même manière que nous pouvons prévoir la trajectoire d’une tempête tropicale.

I always say that models are not predictions; they are qualitative illustrations of what the future could be. But as the future gets closer to the present, models can start being seen as predictive tools. It is the weather/climate dichotomy, so aptly exploited to confuse matters by politically minded people in the discussion about climate. Right now, we are getting close to the point that we could forecast a collapse in the same way as we can forecast the trajectory of a tropical storm. So, you remember how “The Limits to Growth” generated a long term forecast in 1972. Here it is

En 2024, pour la première fois, la température moyenne de la Terre a dépassé 1,5 °C par rapport aux niveaux préindustriels, un seuil critique dans la crise climatique. Dans le même temps, des conflits armés majeurs continuent de faire rage en Ukraine, à Gaza, au Soudan et ailleurs. Ce qui devient de plus en plus clair, c’est que la guerre doit désormais être comprise comme se déroulant dans le contexte de la crise climatique. La relation entre la guerre et le changement climatique est complexe. Voici trois raisons pour lesquelles la crise climatique doit remodeler notre façon de penser la guerre.

Chapter 5 in the Routledge Handbook of Degrowth (2025) sketches the French origins of, and approaches to, décroissance. In France, décroissance emerged early – as part of the long history of debates on the industrialisation of the world and its impacts, and of a shorter history of political ecology over the last half-century. Although inspired by a long genealogy questioning the Western industrial trajectory, the word décroissance really came to the fore in the French protest and intellectual scene in 2002, with a convergence between anti-development and anti-advertising movements. Even if degrowth as a slogan and as a movement only emerged recently, its origins, influences, pioneers, pillars and debates were already very strong in the 1970s. After a long hiatus in the 1980s and 1990s, the term décroissance spread spectacularly, entering the political and activist arena at the beginning of the 21st century, designating a sub-group of political ecologists committed to criticising economic development as the do

The main report provides an integrated narrative, examining the central and vital role that the climate and natural environment play in ensuring health, resilience and prosperity for people, anchored in the EU’s vision for a sustainable Europe by 2050.

Earth’s average temperature rose more than 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels in 2024 for the first time – a critical threshold in the climate crisis. At the same time, major armed conflicts continue to rage in Ukraine, Gaza, Sudan and elsewhere. What should be increasingly clear is that war now needs to be understood as unfolding in the shadow of climate breakdown. The relationship between war and climate change is complex. But here are three reasons why the climate crisis must reshape how we think about war.

Anthropic’s latest artificial intelligence model, Claude Opus 4, tried to blackmail engineers in internal tests by threatening to expose personal details if it were shut down, according to a newly released safety report that evaluated the model’s behavior under extreme simulated conditions.

As authorities declared 2024 the hottest on record, a key private sector climate alliance, the Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero (GFANZ) abandoned a requirement that members be aligned to the Paris agreement. That was followed by a network of net zero asset managers suspending work, and deleting from its website its statement of commitments that members must adopt, after BlackRock, the biggest of them all, quit its ranks.

Een grote overwinning in de strijd tegen klimaatverandering. Voor het eerst moeten grote fossiele brandstofbedrijven betalen voor de klimaatschade die ze aanrichten. In de Amerikaanse staat Vermont is een wet goedgekeurd die olie- en gasbedrijven financieel verantwoordelijk houdt voor hun deel van de broeikasuitstoot in de regio en hen opdraagt te betalen voor de veroorzaakte klimaatkosten.

De natuurherstelwet, een van de laatste grote wetgevende luiken van de Europese Green Deal, is dan toch goedgekeurd. Twee jaar na het voorstel heeft de Oostenrijkse minister van Milieu alsnog voor gestemd, waardoor de nodige meerderheid van de lidstaten is gevonden. Opvallend: binnen de Oostenrijkse federale regering dreigt nu wel een politieke crisis.

De natuurherstelwet is dan toch goedgekeurd in het Europees Parlement. De wet om natuurgebied in de Europese Unie te beschermen, hing aan een zijden draadje. De grootste fractie in het Europees Parlement had opgeroepen om tegen te stemmen. Maar een meerderheid van de parlementsleden heeft het politieke akkoord nu toch goedgekeurd. De lidstaten zelf moeten de wet nog wel goedkeuren.

Companies announce climate goals with great fanfare—but all too often, they eventually scale back or fail to implement those pledges. We asked Yale SOM’s Todd Cort how significant these reversals are and what should be done to encourage companies to keep making progress.

Energy firms have made record profits by increasing production of oil and gas, far from their promises of rolling back emissions

De gevolgen van de klimaatcrisis dringen steeds regelmatiger ons leven binnen. Toch komen we niet in actie. We zijn net zo verlamd als de beschavingen in het verleden die geconfronteerd werden met catastrofale vernietiging.

Hopes of the UK government meeting its domestic and international climate targets have “worsened” over the past year, according to the CCC.

Almost every country in the world has signed up to the Paris Agreement’s goal of keeping warming well-below 2C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5C.

Without more legally binding and well-planned net-zero policies, the world is highly likely to miss key climate targets.

Cell-based food production, which is the field of growing animal agricultural products directly from cell cultures, has been explored as an alleged sustainable alternative to the conventional livestock agricultural system. As commercial cell-based food production continues to expand, the urgency increases to address one of the most important questions of consumers, the question of food safety. Thus, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO), has developed the present document to engage with respective Members and relevant stakeholders by proactively sharing the current knowledge to identify concrete ways to inform consumers and all other stakeholders about the food safety considerations for cell-based food products. This document includes a literature synthesis of relevant terminology issues, principles of cell-based food production processes and the global landscape of regulatory frameworks for cell-based food production.

Hundreds of students and graduates vow not to work for ‘climate wreckers that insure those responsible for the climate crisis’

The Anthropocene Working Group is voting on a so-called Golden Spike, a sedimentary layer somewhere on Earth that best exemplifies the global impact of humans on planet Earth. It's the last, big task in formally defining the Anthropocene, which is being proposed as a new age in geologic time.

National climate pledges would collectively require 1.2 billion hectares (about 3 billion acres) of land, researchers have found in a new study, The Land Gap Report. More than half of this land is already currently used for something else. This demand for land will put pressure on ecosystems, Indigenous lands, small farmers and food security. Protecting existing forests and securing Indigenous and community land rights are more effective than carbon capture plans requiring land-use change, including reforestation.

Many countries' pledges to get to net zero greenhouse gas emissions rely partly on removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, using methods such as planting trees and restoring degraded ecosystems. But a report out today has revealed they are relying too heavily on these carbon drawdown schemes to fulfil these promises. The Land Gap Report, which was released today by the University of Melbourne and includes input from more than 20 international researchers, has calculated countries would collectively need 1.2 billion hectares of land to meet their Paris Agreement goals.

The EU is on track to break a promise to cut methane emissions by 30% by 2030 made due to a “policy vacuum” on livestock emissions, a report has warned.Most of Europe’s methane emissions come from agriculture – particularly livestock – but the EU has avoided using policy levers such as its €387bn common agricultural policy to directly tackle the problem

The destruction of global forests slowed in 2021 but the vital climate goal of ending deforestation by 2030 will still be missed without urgent action, according to an assessment. The area razed in 2021 fell by 6.3% after progress in some countries, notably Indonesia. But almost 7m hectares were lost and the destruction of the most carbon- and biodiversity-rich tropical rainforests fell by only 3%. The CO2 emissions resulting from the lost trees were equivalent to the emissions of the entire European Union plus Japan.

Reeds tientallen jaren worden we verwittigd over de dodenmars waarin wij verwikkeld zijn als gevolg van de globale opwarming. De wereldwijde regerende klasse blijft ons verder voortduwen naar uitsterving. Amerikaans onderzoeksjournalist Chris Hedges: "Ineenstorting komt in de menselijke geschiedenis voor bij complexe samenlevingen, telkens kort nadat zij hun periode van grootste macht en welvaart hebben bereikt." We zijn weer eens zover, alleen gaat het nu voor het eerst over de hele planeet...

Prudent risk management requires consideration of bad-to-worst-case scenarios. Yet, for climate change, such potential futures are poorly understood. Could anthropogenic climate change result in worldwide societal collapse or even eventual human extinction? At present, this is a dangerously underexplored topic. Yet there are ample reasons to suspect that climate change could result in a global catastrophe...

Planned drilling projects across US land and waters will release 140bn metric tons of planet-heating gases if fully realised, an analysis shared with the Guardian has found. The study, to be published in the Energy Policy journal this month, found emissions from these oil and gas “carbon bomb” projects were four times larger than all of the planet-heating gases expelled globally each year, placing the world on track for disastrous climate change.

Emerging ice-sheet modeling suggests once initiated, retreat of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) can continue for centuries. Unfortunately, the short observational record cannot resolve the tipping points, rate of change, and timescale of responses. Iceberg-rafted debris data from Iceberg Alley identify eight retreat phases after the Last Glacial Maximum that each destabilized the AIS within a decade, contributing to global sea-level rise for centuries to a millennium, which subsequently re-stabilized equally rapidly.

Malaysia’s latest catalogue of its greenhouse gas emissions to the United Nations reads like a report from a parallel universe. The 285-page document suggests that Malaysia’s trees are absorbing carbon four times faster than similar forests in neighboring Indonesia.

Europe’s 25 largest banks are still failing to present comprehensive plans that address both the climate crisis and biodiversity loss, putting their sustainability pledges in doubt, campaigners have warned.

If Earth had a pulse, it might be The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) – a swirl of ocean currents that carries tropical heat north towards polar waters. Over the past century this global heartbeat has eased, slowing to a speed not seen in more than a millennium. New research based on a range of indices has now bolstered views that the weakening isn't a trivial one, and critical transition is imminent.

how much global warming is each country's pledge leading to ?

Every new climate pledge is an attempt to distract people from the failed ones it replaces. Apparently, all seven governments have committed “to conserve or protect at least 30 per cent of the world’s land and at least 30 per cent of the world’s ocean by 2030”. But what does it mean?

Three out of every four board members at seven major US banks (77%) have current or past ties to climate-conflicted companies or organizations – from oil and gas corporations to trade groups that lobby against reducing climate pollution, according to a first-of-its-kind review by climate influence analysts for DeSmog. and they continue to invest deeply in fossil fuel projects.

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De quoi s’agit-il? Concrètement, cinq entreprises européennes, des grands groupes mondiaux leaders dans leur secteur et des entreprises de taille moyenne ou petite, ont pris l’engagement public, et vérifiable par la Commission selon la méthode qu’elle préconise, de mesurer et de réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre de leurs produits ou plus généralement de leurs activités. Elles ont aussi promis – progrès tellement attendu – de faire en sorte que les consommateurs bénéficient d’une information claire et vérifiable sur l’empreinte carbone.

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Un essai capital sur les rapports entre technique et société. Cette histoire globale de la technologie moderne prend le contre-pied des narrations usuelles sur les inventions de quelques individus géniaux pour mettre au premier plan l’analyse des usages collectifs. Elle amène à réévaluer profondément la signification des technologies couramment tenues pour avoir transformé la société – la pilule, l’informatique, la bombe atomique, l’aviation – et à prendre en compte une grande variété de technologies moins visibles mais non moins importantes, venant de diverses parties du monde. Parmi ces exemples méconnus : les pousse-pousse japonais, les tracteurs soviétiques, les usines baleinières nazies, le pétrole synthétique espagnol, ...