La veille

Le service russe de renseignement extérieur (SVR) a accusé, lundi, la Grande-Bretagne d’organiser des opérations de sabotage pour en faire porter le chapeau à la Russie. Les espions russes ont porté les mêmes accusations contre la Pologne et l’Union européenne ces dernières semaines. Un signe que Moscou se prépare de plus en plus activement à un conflit ouvert avec l’Otan ?

Activist tells Swedish officials she has been subjected to harsh treatment, including insufficient food and water

An extensive new multi-proxy database of paleo-temperature time series (Temperature 12k) enables a more robust analysis of global mean surface temperature (GMST) and associated uncertainties than was previously available. We applied five different statistical methods to reconstruct the GMST of the past 12,000 years (Holocene). Each method used different approaches to averaging the globally distributed time series and to characterizing various sources of uncertainty, including proxy temperature, chronology and methodological choices. The results were aggregated to generate a multi-method ensemble of plausible GMST and latitudinal-zone temperature reconstructions with a realistic range of uncertainties. The warmest 200-year-long interval took place around 6500 years ago when GMST was 0.7 °C (0.3, 1.8) warmer than the 19th Century (median, 5th, 95th percentiles). Following the Holocene global thermal maximum, GMST cooled at an average rate −0.08 °C per 1000 years (−0.24, −0.05). The multi-method ensembles and th